Chem Paper

www. moalims. com KBSE Guess Paper IX Biology 2010 NEW PATTERN Section â€Å"A† (Multiple Choice Question) Q. 1. Prepare multiple choice questions from your text book. Section â€Å"B† (Short Questions Answer – Zoology) Q. 2. Define the following ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Physiology Ecology Cytology Taxonomy Palaeontology Genetics Bio-Chemists Embryology OR Write contributions of Al-Farabi, Ibn-Al-Haitham, Bu-Ali Sina in the field of Biology. Q. 3. Write contributions of Galileo, Robbert Hook, Louis Pasteur, Charles Darwin, Greogor John Mendal, Watson and Crick in the field of Biology. OR Write two verses about the origin of life. OR Describe the structure and functions of the Nucleolus. www. moalims. com www. moalims. com Q. 4. Draw and neat and labelled diagram of the Digestive System of Frog. OR Draw a neat and labelled of the Respiration System of Frog. OR Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the Ventral view of Heart of Frog. OR Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the Brain of Frog. Q. 5. Describe five kingdom classification Margulus and schwartz. OR Describe the structure and characteristics of Virus. OR Write four common characteristics of the following. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Phylum Protozoa Phylum Porifera Phylum Coelenterata Phylum Annelida Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Arthropoda OR Write four common characteristics of the following ? Class Pisces www. moalims. com www. moalims. com ? ? ? ? Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia Q. 6. Write down four functions of the blood. OR Name three important arteries of the Arterial System. OR What is Exoskeleton? Name two phyla of animals having exoskeleton. OR Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the structure of human Eye. OR Write the names of any three Endocrine Glands. Also write the name of one harmone secreted by each of them. Q. 7. Write short note on the following ? ? ? ? ? Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Nicotine Alcohol Q. 8. Define the following ? Variations www. moalims. com www. moalims. com ? ? ? ? Crossing Over Biosphere Eco-System Predation Q. 9. Write short note on the following ? ? ? Thread Worm Liver Fluke Round Worm Section â€Å"B† (Short Answer Questions Botany) NOTE: Answer any SEVEN Question from this Section. Each Question carries (03) Marks. Q. 10. Define the following ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Biological Method Hypothesis Theory Bio-Technology Experiment Result Deduction Observation Q. 11. Define Genetic Engineering. ww. moalims. com www. moalims. com OR Write on function of each of the following. ? ? ? ? ? ? Mitochondria Golgi Bodies Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Centriole Vacuole Q. 12. What are Plastids? Describe any TWO types of Plastids. OR Write five differences between prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell. OR Define Tissue. Write the names of four types of Plant Tissues and describe t hem briefly. OR Write two functions of each of the following. ? ? ? Root Stem Leaf Q. 13. State the following parts of a Brassica Flower. ? ? ? Calyx Corolla Androceium www. moalims. com www. moalims. com ? Gyneocium OR Draw neat and labelled diagram showing the internal structures of a Rod-Shaped Bacterium. OR Define the following ? ? ? ? Pyrenoid Isogany Mycellium Hyphae OR Write four salient features of cynobacteria (blue-green algae). Q. 14. Write four characteristics of Fungi. OR Draw neat and labelled diagram of the internal structure of chlamydomones. OR Write four general characteristics of Bryophytes, Tracheophytes. OR Write three points of differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. OR With the help of a labelled diagram explain the structure of Adiantum, Ptris. Q. 15. Write three points between Monocot and Dicot. OR www. oalims. com www. moalims. com Write four importance o Vascular Plants. OR Define the following ? ? ? ? Parasits Saprophytes Insectivorous Plants Symbionts Q. 16. What is Pollination? Name its two types. OR Write advantages and disadvantages of Vegetative propagation. OR Write down four types of bacteria on the basis of nutrition and write twobeneficial and two har mful aspects of bacteria. OR Define the following terms ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Alleles Hybrid Allelomorph Homozygous Heterozygous Phenotype Genotype Dominant Character www. moalims. com www. moalims. com ? Recessive Character Q. 17. Describe the Law of Independent Assortment. OR Why is vegetative propagation ideal for growers? OR Define Photosynthesis? Write its chemical equation. OR How the excretion in plants is different from animals. OR Define Ecosystem and write the names of its components. Section â€Å"C† (Discriptive Questions Answer – Zoology) NOTE: Attempt TWO questions from this Section. Q. 18. Define Biogenesis and Abiogenesis and describe Needham, Louis Pasture's Experiment. OR Define Mitosis and Write the names of four phases of Mitosis. Q. 19. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Arterial System of Frog. OR Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the Eye of Frog. Q. 20. Define Metamorphosis and describe its two types. www. moalims. com www. moalims. com OR What is meant by Flora and Faunn? Write a short note on the Funna of Pakistan. Q. 21. Describe the process of digestion in Man. OR Define the term Ventilation. Q. 22. Draw two neat and labelled diagrams of showing the two stages of Ventilation i. e. inspiration and expiration in the Human Respiratory System. OR Draw neat and labelled diagram of the structure of human heart. OR Draw a labelled diagram of L. S. of human kidney. Q. 23. Draw and neat and labelled diagram of Human Brain. OR Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Human Eye, Human Ear. OR Describe the process of Asexual in Animal. OR Describe the process of reproduction and development in Frog. Q. 24. Describe Watson and Crick model of DNA. OR Describe Lamarck's theory of evolution in detail. OR www. moalims. com www. moalims. com Describe Darwin's theory of evolution in detail. OR Write in detail Abiotic components of Ecosystem. OR Define the following ? ? ? Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle OR Write short note on the following ? ? ? Bacteria Protozoa Viruses Q. 25. Write short note on the following ? ? ? ? Influenza Poliomyelitis Measles AIDS OR Draw neat and labelled diagram of human tooth. Section â€Å"C† (Discriptive Questions Answer – Botany) www. moalims. com www. moalims. com NOTE: Attempt TWO questions from this Section. Q. 26. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Root, Stem, Leaf. OR Explain the structure of Nostoc with the help of labelled diagram. OR What are heteropic plants? Write short notes on saprophytes and Insectivorous plants. OR With the help of diagram describe and experiment to show. ? ? ? Carbon Dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis. Oxygen gas is evolved during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis. OR Which factors are necessary for photosynthesis? Describe them. OR How A. T. P formed in a cell? Explain. OR Write two similarities between respiration and combustion and two differences between photosynthesis and respiration. Q. 27. Define Transpiration. Write five factors affecting the rate of transpiration. OR With the help of diagram describe the physical properties of Xylum. OR Define two types of movements in plants and give one example of them. www. moalims. com www. moalims. com OR Describe Asexual Reproduction in plant. OR What is mean by dispersal of Seeds and Fruits? Describe any two methods of dispersal of Seeds and Fruits. OR Describe Mendel's Law of Segregation in detail. www. moalims. com

Literature Review of Grading System

Please read: a personal appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales Read now Mt Kenya University From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mount Kenya University) Jump to: navigation, search | This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (January 2012) Click [show] on right for more details. [show]| This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) | Mt Kenya University (MKU) is a private university in Thika Kenya. The idea behind the establishment of the University dates back to 1996 when the precursor of the University, the Thika Institute of Technology was founded as a Computer Outreach Program.At this point in time in Kenyan history, the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) both Mobile Telepho ny and Computer Technology had started gaining an upward momentum in rural and urban centres. In the year 2000, the Institute developed into a commercial college offering management and computer training programmes. Later in the year the Ministry of Education Science and Technology recognized the institute as a full fledged institution of higher learning and granted it a full registration approval.In order to remain relevant with the training needs of the society, the institute initiated training programmes in the fields of paramedical, Information Technology, and Business and Entrepreneurship education in the year 2002. In the year 2005 the Institute became the 1st private institution in Kenya to be allowed to train Pharmaceutical Technologists by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of the Ministry of Health. In the year 2006 the Commission for Higher Education (CHE) validated and pproved the institute's request for collaboration with JKUAT to offer both Diploma and Degree programmes. T he Institute continued to work closely with the Commission for Higher Education in line with the stipulated guidelines for establishing a privately funded university. After fulfilling all the requirements as stipulated in the guidelines of establishing a privately funded university (1989 rules), the Commission for Higher Education issued MKU with the authority to establish a full fledged privately funded university with Thika Institute of Technology as its precursor/forerunner. citation needed] External links * Kenya University List * Mt Kenya University Official Website [hide] * v * t * eKenyan universities| | | | | | Public universities| * University of Nairobi * Kenyatta University * Moi University * Egerton University * Maseno University * Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology * Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology| | | | | | Private universities| * United States International University (USIU – Africa) * Catholic University of Eastern Afri ca(CUEA) * University of Eastern Africa,Baraton * Daystar University * Africa Nazarene University * Scott Christian University * Kabarak University * Strathmore University * Kiriri Women’s University of Science and Technology * Mount Kenya University * Pan Africa Christian University * Kenya Methodist University * Adventist University of Africa * Gretsa University * Great Lakes University of Kisumu * Presbyterian University of East Africa * St.Paul's University * KCA University * Africa International University| | | Coordinates: 1 °02? 43? S 37 °04? 51? E View page ratings Rate this page What's this? Trustworthy Objective Complete Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) Categories: * Universities and colleges in Kenya * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export * This page was last modified on 3 July 2012 at 11:09. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * Contact us * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

Bar Mitzvah

Whitney McClain April10th, 2013 Religions 9:30-10:45 Bar Mitzvah Party I chose to try and attend a Bar Mitzvah ceremony after your brief description of the festivity in class. I did not know anyone that was Jewish so I asked around my job. It just so happened that my co-worker was jewish and had a friends whose son was going to have a bar mitzvah. The ceremony was held at the conference on okaloosa island. I did do some research so I was not totally ignorant of what was about to come and also to be expected of me.I did dress formally due to the fact the event was held at night At the beginning of the service Aaron the 13 year old son took the stage to prepare to read from the Torah. The elders were beside Aaron and began to then chant the word before giving the spot light to him. They then passed the microphone and let him read his chosen passage from the book. This only lasted for about six minutes. I found this to be interesting because the moment was so short but would last a life time. It signified so much more than the actual act of reading the torah.It was a moment of happiness of becoming a man building up to all of which he had trained for; and a moment of proudness for family and friends. After he was done reading his piece we clapped, and sung in celebration. Some of Aaron's friends begun to throw candy at him to be funny. They threw the candy somewhat harder than what I expected, but it was all fun and games and rather mischievous. After the service was finished I watched everyone in the ceremony interact with one another.Everyone was quite happy and it showed on their faces it was a high spirited environment. The rest of the ceremony was the after party which I did not attend since I had to work in the morning. What I gathered from my experience I was that the Jewish religion seems like a very disciplined and traditional practice. Those aspects mean very much to them and has molded their society to what it is now. Everyone was put through certain st eps and earned their way toward adulthood.I understand that before the bar mitzvah several things are required of them. They are put into school and work to achieve or earn their celebration. I respected this because it gave them a good sense of their being. It instilled in the children what it is to become an adult. That things are not going to be handed to but earned and with that becomes responsibility. Now that Aaron is 13 he is seen to be old enough to follow the commandments, as an adult. I believe he intends to do so and follow his teachings.

Market mechanism and public service delivery Essay

Market mechanism and public service delivery - Essay Example In the last few decades,public administration has witnessed a deep process of reform in order to "make publicly-owned services and enterprises more business - like".For, public administration has increasingly translated into public governance and huge behemoths in the public sector are expected to be run more efficiently at reduced costs. In other words, it is expected that the public administration become competitive in delivering goods and services. Governments are expected to strategise a country's developmental priorities by providing an efficient, responsive and transparent public administration. Countries have now moved to a mix of market-based or competitive governance and civic-based or partnership governance. This has been brought about by the changing role of the state and the growing businesslike and managerial approach to the operations of Public Administration. A new fragmented and complex world of markets and networks has pushed governments to move from a direct deliver y of services to a more general coordination and control of government functions. While, there is substantial scope for increase in delivery of public services through the market mechanism, there are several limitations and impediments too.In a globalised era, public administration, or the delivery of public services considered as universal needs and much needed socio-economic infrastructure to civil society are proving to be a tough and complex task. Since Public Administration includes within its ambit political, economic and social governance, governments across the world are having to function in an environment marked by increased public scrutiny. This has arisen out of increasing democratization and the diffusion of ideas arising from the implosion of information and communication technologies. Text of the article Since the time of Plato, Aristotle and Kautilya, good public managers have been recognized as those with sound judgement, a sense of justice and courage to take action on behalf of the good of society. Traditionally, public administration entities ie government institutions responsible for providing vital services have been state-centric, huge, self sufficient monoliths, hierarchical in their relations and also inclined towards a controlling order. Since early Public service mechanism 2 times, the public administration in countries has been providing services essential to society, some of them considered as fundamental rights of the citizens, like the right to water. In addition, law and order, health, education and building infrastructure viz. roads, transportation including railways and aviation, telecommunication, sewage, energy and a host of other services have come within the ambit of public administration. Publicly owned services and industries are controlled by the central governments. These state-owned enterprises or services do not generate any profit and provide essential services for the entire population. The cost of providing these services is met from taxation money. Local bodies are entrusted with certain civic functions including waste management, maintenance of parks etc. The main advantage in public owned enterprises or services is that jobs for workers in these institutions are secure and unemployment does not

Market Structure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Structure - Assignment Example It is a more realistic market structure in which a few firms dominate the market, and are able to influence the conditions to a greater extent. Although, there may be many small firms operation in the same market, but they will just follow the lead of the few firms. (Krugman, 2012) KFC is an example of monopolistic competition. The firm is competing against the same-sized restaurants like Wendy’s, McDonalds, Pizza Hut and others. These firms try to differentiate their products and then price them accordingly. Wireless service providers are a good example of a n oligopoly structure in the area. Four of the firms namely AT&T Mobility, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile and Sprint Nexte dominate the market and control around 89 percent of the total telephone service market in the United States. US Postal Service is still one of the monopolies operating in every city of the United States. The firm has a potential high barrier to entry- a license from the US government, has the potential to influence the market conditions as well as it does still have unique product attached to itself. There are empirical studies present that specifically tell us the relationship between the barriers to entry and long term profitability of the firms. Research evidence suggests that the firms will set the price close to the cost if the barriers to entry are non-existent or low in a particular market. In this case, the firms do make a bigger profit in the short run; however, they believe that the entrance of the new firms and competition, the profits will erode. (Krugman, 2012) In a monopoly, the barriers to entry are really high which protects the market from strong competitive pressures. These barriers could be licensing, patents and economies of scale. Therefore, the firm earns a high profit in the long run. However, there will be time when the long run profits will not be positive. When the average total cost curve is above the demand curve, the

Talent Management & Succession Planning in the Work Environment Assignment

Talent Management & Succession Planning in the Work Environment - Assignment Example In order to achieve the above functions, proper and reliable communication structures are also paramount. It is often said that the strength of a team or an organisation in general, lies in the diversity of its workers, which in this case is defined by the existing differences in knowledge, talents and innovativeness among each other. In addition, it can create and nurture new talents to succeed those that are retiring and transferring from their jobs. This paper focuses on talent management and succession planning, and how these processes are conducted in businesses in their bid to remain competitive and successful. It also examines a case study to identify how these practices are designed and implemented by Apple Company. Current advancements in the business world require that business invest in reliable human capital in order to maintain their excellence and better performance. The advancements include; changes in information and technology, competition strategies and methods of successful business management. In this understanding, human resource managers in organisations have to work closely with the top management in order to attract, hire, develop and retain talents. However, despite these efforts, skills shortages in the current business environment continue to present both socio-economic and cultural challenges as talent crosses borders in industries globally. Analysis of human resource trends and skills are needed in businesses because of the shifting demographic patterns, international and global supply chains, an aging workforce as well as occupational mobility. For this reason, human resource managers are expected to devise effective strategies in harnessing and managing their talents (Cheese and Robert 11-12). The success of talent identification and management approaches places organizations in better positions to establish themselves firmly in the changing business environment, both locally as well as on a global

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Psychology - Essay Example Likewise, if it is, as long as complete data sets, measurability, inference and hypotheses can be drawn, it is likely that the researcher is dealing with a form of science. However, the biggest obstacle to such measurability and data sets as a function of the field of psychology is the fact that such a great level of variance is oftentimes presented to the researcher. As opposed to a more environmentally centric approach or a more individualist approach (theology/religion), psychology works to explain both the external and internal determinants of human thought and behavior. In this way, a more complete understanding of what gives way to action and the causation of a multitude of factors is understood. Furthermore, through incorporating scientific approaches, psychology has a distinct advantage over the use of less structured and/or reliable means of understanding such as a theological approach (Haig 2008). Likewise, in the mind of this author, the practice and implementation of psychology should not be distinct from the other branches of science. Although its study deals with a divergent field of material, it is important that psychology work to minimize differences between itself and the other branches of scientific knowledge due to the fact that psychology actively employs the very same scientific methods as do the other forms of analysis and understanding of the other sciences. Likewise, with respect to the methodological approaches that should be employed, these will necessarily be based upon the particular field of specialty that is being analyzed and have a direct relation to what prior studies have concluded. Therefore, as long as the analysis is performed in a verifiably scientific and rigorous way, there is not one methodological approach that one can consider superior to another. Similarly, when a certain theory

Are We Living in a Moral Stone Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are We Living in a Moral Stone Age - Essay Example To illustrate her main argument, the author cites an interview done by Jay Leno in Tonight Show. Based on this interview, Sommers points out that the youth nowadays do not read the Bible, and they cannot tell what is right from wrong. The technique of using the interview is similar to telling an anecdote to attract the interest of her readers. The interview conducted with the two college students serves as the springboard to the discussion. The story attracts the attention of the readers with its humorous yet sarcastic content. The content of the interview also challenges the readers to provide their own response to the interview questions. The interview by Jay Leno functions as logos. It challenges the mind of the readers to think of the right answer to the questions posted by the host. Additionally, the result of the interview provides a basis for the author’s argument. Sommers provides the evidence first before explaining her point. The interview additionally functions as e thos. In particular, the familiarity of the readers with Jay Leno and his program, Tonight Show helps to establish credibility. Sommers relies on the credibility of Jay Leno to initially convince her readers. Nevertheless, even those who are not acquainted with Jay Leno and his show would still give merit to the given example taking into consideration that the show appears regularly on TV, and the interview called â€Å"man-on-the-street† is conducted â€Å"frequently† by the host. Readers may opine that a regular show such as Tonight Show will not stay long on national TV if it is not credible enough. Hence, one can claim that Sommers used a very good example to win her readers’ attention. Sommers further uses ethos as she mentions being a professor of ethics. This technique establishes her credibility in giving opinions on ethical issues. She cites her personal observations to further demonstrate her view. Considering her as a professor, her readers may consid er her insights valuable because they are based on her professional experience. Therefore, informing readers of her position as a college professor makes Sommers a more credible and experienced writer in the minds of the readers. Furthermore, Sommers uses pathos to convince her readers. After identifying herself as a professor of ethics, she expresses her concern for the American youth, saying, â€Å"One of the best things our schools can do for America is to set about repairing it — by confronting the moral nihilism that is now the norm for so many students.† Coming from a professor, this statement demonstrates that Sommers is genuinely concerned about the morals of students. Noting her concern, readers will be convinced of the author’s truthfulness, hence view her as a highly credible writer. Sommers divides her ideas into subheadings. Each subheading hints on a different angle of the issue, which allows the author to expound her ideas further. The first subhe ading is titled, â€Å"Conceptual Moral Chaos.† This part works in two ways. First, it implies the limitations of her scope. Second, it further builds the confidence of her readers on her claim. Reading this part fully will give readers an idea of what Sommers is pertaining to when she claims that â€Å"young people are morally confused.† Her claim about the youth may sound too judgmental for a young reader who would possibly feel skeptical about the claim. However, reading

CHANGE MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CHANGE MANAGEMENT ( ) - Case Study Example Organizations can be transformed by creating a new system in a new place with new personnel, or by renewing the old system in the same place with the same personnel. Critics admit that when change is conducted by taking the "renewal" alternative, it usually entails the positioning of a new top manager or top managerial team. In business organizations, Ford, like many other firms, created separate plants to develop new technology and new products. In total institutions, the creation of a radical new vision that really rehabilitates is possible by starting out with a new strategy, guards carefully chosen to be rehabilitators, and a new, dedicated staff. Ford is one of the oldest automakers in the world. The history of the company goes back to 1903 when the first converted factory was opened. Today, Ford is the second largest automaker with 17.5% market share. Historically, Ford sought to compete against the industry's leader, General Motors (GM), by increasing its presence in foreign markets. Ford's International Automotive Operations co-ordinates activities in twenty-six countries grouped in three principal regions (Europe, Latin America, and Asia Pacific). In the late 1970s, Ford produced outside the United States half of its worldwide vehicle production - compared with GM's one-fourth. The Ford Motor Co. has also been a leader in introducing or rapidly adopting technological innovations in the industry (Lessons In Change From Ford Motor Company n.d.). Henry Ford, the founder and president of the company, is considered the father of mass production. In the difficult decade of the 1980s, Ford showed its capability to rapidly adopt the Japanese system of production and to move faster than any other auto maker in seeking the integration of its operations on a global basis. The company was also a pioneer in the internationalization of production, as it was the first to open an assembly plant in Canada (1904), in Mexico (1925), and in many other countries. Historically, the company has had a leading role in developing an automotive capability in those countries, and its strategies have been characterized by its responsiveness to local government demands and its relatively high levels of export activity (Lessons In Change From Ford Motor Company n.d.; Ford Home Page 2007). The change process within the company is influenced by the industry requirements and competition. In order to survive and maximize profits, auto makers like Ford must comply with structural rules. Structural rules are derived from production technologies (hard and soft technologies) that are successful in producing cars efficiently. An automobile is a complex product, which consists of over 10,000 parts and requires multiple and complex processes for its manufacture. Mass production proved successful in efficiently producing automobiles, which explains that for almost seven decades, it determined the structural rules for the automobile industry. It is a complex system that needs to be understood in order to comprehend Ford's strategies. Where they existed, differences in strategy or goals between the US Big Three (Ford, GM and Daimler Chrysler) stemmed basically from each firm's ability to conform to the rules of competition and from its relative power position in the industry. Durin g 1990s, Ford had little room for designing

Nurse Led Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nurse Led - Essay Example -led clinics also conduct home visits with the patient and their family in order to evaluate their medications and to secure adequate follow-up and verify patient’s stability (Schader, et.al., 2008). They also maintain contact with family to address ongoing health issues and care transitions. The nurses in the nurse-led clinics coordinate patient care with physicians, ensuring that they would receive adequate and timely care appropriate to their condition and their related physical attributes (Rydeman and Tornkvist, 2005). For the more specific management of diseases, nurses in nurse led clinics assist in the patient’s self-management. These nurses support patient’s efforts in self-managing diabetes by engaging with the emotional context within which the patients live with their condition (Furler, 2008). They work with patients in a way which is consistent with how they incorporate self-care into their daily lives. These nurses also go through critical self-reflection while they are managing their patient’s condition in order to prevent the devaluation of the other support structures for diabetes. As implied from the above discussion, nurse-led clinics can be seen in the community and out-patient setting. They are often based in the rural areas or isolated areas which cannot easily access medical or hospital care. In the community setting, they provide support for hospital and doctor services. D. (2008). The emotional context of self-management in chronic illness: A qualitative study of the role of health professional support in the self-management of type 2 diabetes. BMC Health Services Research, volume 8

Career development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Career development - Essay Example 32). One aspect of substantive importance in the study of career development is that it differs depending on whether it is an individual involved or an organization. For individuals, career development involves a broader array of activities involving decision-making processes and planning, whereas, for organizations, it involves the practice of effectively managing the human resources workforce. However, for the case of this paper, focus is made on an individual basis. Self-efficacy involves making a person make a judgment on the ability to perform certain tasks. Unlike self-esteem that makes reflections on an individual’s worth or value, self-efficacy determines the confidence in an individual towards accomplishing certain tasks and reaching certain goals. A number of perspectives exist in the study of self-efficacy beliefs including the development and the dynamics involved. Ideally, self-efficacy beliefs have effects in all aspects of the human body, because through the determination of a person’s ability and belief towards the accomplishment of certain tasks. In return, self-efficacy affects situations by the use of power. It is substantively clear that self-efficacy beliefs have the necessary power that an individual requires to perform a certain task as well as make an informed decision in regard to a particular task. In life, tasks usually involve the numerous challenges faced, and as such, self-efficacy beliefs determine the ability to tackle the different life challenges by making the most appropriate and informed decisions. Four major theoretical approaches exist from which the study of self-efficacy beliefs emanates, especially in career development. Such include the social cognitive theory, social learning theory, self-concept theory, and attribution theory. Social cognitive theory makes emphasis on the development of an individual’s personality through observational learning and experiences from the

Behavioral scientists Essay Example for Free

Behavioral scientists Essay Gang violence is a social phenomenon that has caught the interests of behavioral scientists, psychologists and other related fields. At the forefront is the fact that gangs are social groups that have exclusive rules and strict codes of brotherhood which can actually provide the need for belongingness and affiliation as well as security in the harsh life in the city streets. Surprisingly, gangs have been associated with violence for the longest time, the term gang is already perceived as negative and that at present, gang is synonymous to violence, criminal acts and substance abuse. People join gangs for various reasons but it has been found that adolescents who have been victims of abuse, have dysfunctional family systems, school drop-outs and those in foster care generally join gangs more than the normal teenager. Thus, the final project is geared towards bringing about behavior change for adolescents at risk of joining gangs and or has a tendency for violence. Before drawing up a concrete behavior change program, it is important to examine how this could be brought about by factors like motivation and cultural awareness. Motivating people to change is not an easy feat, generally, if a person is set in his/her ways, then asking them to change something that they do not perceive to be evil or negative is a futile act. Central to the concept of motivation is that the goal offered to the individual must be meaningful to him/her, one that is personally desired and can be owned as a personal decision. This is where choice comes in, when a person is confronted with a choice; his/her reaction to it depends on their circumstances and present state of mind (Iyengar Lepper, 1999). In this context, choosing to change their behavior should come from their internal desire to change, to become better and to be removed from their present difficulties. For example, if the behavior that is targeted to be modified is expressions of anger, it makes sense to the person to change this if he/she can realize that his/her actions hurt other people and that it also causes people to avoid them and hence lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Gangs are often formed around cultural groups, that is one gang can be comprised of Latinos, others are blacks, and others Asians and or whites. Thus, a program for behavior change should also consider the different cultural underpinnings of the gang and its members, if the gang is made up of black Americans, then asking them to join a program geared towards changing them, might be construed as culturally motivated, they have to be changed because they are blacks. There is much emotionality when it comes to culturally specific gangs and it cannot be denied that emotion may get in the way of participating in a program that is designed to change them (Markus Kitayama, 1991) Motivation is also said to be affected by culture, one has to be able to correctly identify the cultural background of the gang or the participants of the project so as to provide a more culturally relevant and sensitive program. Lastly, motivation can be defined as extrinsic and intrinsic, it has been generally accepted that intrinsic motivation is more positive, more important and influential than extrinsic motivation thus the behavior change program should appeal to the intrinsic motivation of the participants. Intrinsic motivation is the feelings and behavior that drives the person to act in a certain way or to commit to a behavior change program. Internal means that it is something personal and valued by the person, it can be the desire for self-awareness, confidence and achievement, whereas extrinsic motivations are physical and tangible like prestige, money and awards (Sansone Harackiewicz, 2000). The behavior change program should be designed to spark the intrinsic motivation of the participants, thus conducting an orientation seminar will introduce the participant to the program and letting them experience how good it is to be able to know who they are, to know that they mattered and someone cared for them would facilitate rapport and trust between the researcher and the participant. If the concepts of choice, culture and motivation will be adequately examined and integrated into the planned program, then surely the project would be a success. References Iyengar, S. Lepper, M. (1999). Rethinking the role of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 349-366. Markus, H. Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. Sansone, C. Harackiewicz, J. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego: Academic Press.

Analysis Of The Air India Airline Tourism Essay

Analysis Of The Air India Airline Tourism Essay It was founded by  J. R. D. Tata  in July 1932 as  Tata Airlines, a division of Tata Sons Ltd. On 15 October 1932, J. R. D. Tata flew a single-engine  De Havilland Puss Moth  carrying air mail (postal mail of  Imperial Airways) from  Karachis Drigh Road Aerodrome to  Bombays  Juhu Airstrip  via  Ahmedabad. Air India serves 11 domestic destinations and 18 international destinations in 11 countries across  Asia,  Europe  and  North America. Air India has two subsidiaries and two affiliated carries. Together Air India,  Air India Cargo,  Air India Express,  Indian  and  Air India Regional  form the  National Aviation Company of India Limited. Air India Cargo It was started in 1954. The airline operates cargo flights to many destinations. The airline also has on ground truck-transportation arrangements on select destinations. As a part of the IATA carriers Air India carries all types of cargo including dangerous goods and live animals. Air India Express Air India Express  is the low-cost  subsidiary of the airline which was established in 2005 during the aviation boom in India. It operates primarily to the  Persian Gulf  and  South East Asia through scheduled passenger services   Indian Indian  which is based in  Delhi  focuses primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia. Air India Regional Air India Regional or better known as Alliance Air serves mainly on Regional routes. Its main hub is  Delhis  Indira Gandhi International Airport. Tangible Assets Fleet and Material Resources Air India is gradually expanding its fleet. In the recent times seventeen new aircraft eight B777-200LRs and nine B777-300ERs have so far joined the fleet and apart from this 15 Airbus A-321s and 16 A-319s have also joined for Indian operations.  Air India now operates 28 weekly services on the international network to three destinations in the  Ã‚  USA New York, Newark and Chicago including a daily NonStop flight between Mumbai-New York and Delhi-New York following the induction of brand new Boeing 777-200LR in its fleet. With a fleet of 136 aircraft, Air India has been gradually expanding its network to cover new destinations in India and abroad. Given below are the details of the Air India Fleet: Network Air India currently operates international flights from Mumbai and 16 other Indian cities, viz. Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Jaipur, Varanasi, Tiruchirapalli, Gaya and Thiruvananthapuram. Commencement of international operations from these cities has obviated the need for passengers from these regions to necessarily travel to Mumbai and Delhi, the traditional gateways, for taking international flights. Passengers boarding or deplaning in these cities can now complete their immigration and custom formalities at their city airport, both at the time of departure and arrival.   Additionally, Air India has code-sharing arrangements with other international carriers. International Hub: After taking the path of consolidation during the past one year, the airline has taken a major initiative towards strengthening its global network and has restructured its operations to Europe and USA by making Frankfurt its operational hub for West-bound flights.   Indian Hub: The Indian Hub resides at Delhi Mumbai Airports which houses facilities for connections to all major Indian cities. On the domestic front AI operates to 64 stations out of which 17 are connected to our international destinations. The 172-seater Airbus A321 aircraft connects all major metros, including all flights on the Delhi-Mumbai sector. Spacious cabin, comfortable seats and the luxury of in-flight entertainment make this a superior product that travellers look forward to. Star Alliance There has been a quantum jump in product profile resulting from induction of new aircraft and consequent expansion of network, Air India will be all set to join the Star Alliance by March, 2011. Once Air India becomes a member, passengers will enjoy enormous benefits, including seamless transfers while travelling across the world, more frequent flyer mileage points, code-sharing leading to a wider choice of flights and access to lounge facilities worldwide. Star Alliance, is a leading global airline alliance of 21 top international carriers. The Star Alliance network offers more than 17,000 daily flights to 916 destinations. Human Resources Air India has more Human Resources than it needs which is evident in the numbers employed. In 2009, 17% of the airlines expenditure went towards salaries which is enormous comparing it with private carriers for whom it was 9.5%. The merger didnt involve any retrenchment. Nor do any of the current recovery measures being discussed hold any ideas of reducing employee strength by huge numbers. Air India has 31,000 employees and 14 recognized worker unions apart from which there are several unrecognized ones. While the unions say they are open to being supportive for the development of a better future for the airline, they do not support privatization of the airline or retrenchment Apart from retrenchment, employees are also worried about the new structure adopted by the airline which they believe will work against their interests. This structure is the so-called SBU structure, one where a large organization is broken up into smaller units, each of which is run like an independent company in principle. In Air Indias case, the problem as discussed by some senior editors officials is that the strategic business unit structure isnt perfect. Under this structure, a Delhi airport manager reports to his strategic business unit head, while his performance will actually be reviewed by the executive director of the northern region. Adding to this the decision on rewarding this airport manager with a foreign posting is in the hands of the commercial director, who is based in Mumbai. The officials recommend is that this entire structure be done away with and a more equitable and just system is brought into place which assures long term sustainability of the organization. IT Technology Resources The IT integration between the erstwhile Air India and Indian Airlines is complete and new technology processes are put in place which are to assure high quality services to the customers. NACIL, the holding company of Air India, has entrusted SITA (Society International Telecommunications Aeronautics) with the task to implement an efficient online booking engine, departure control system, check-in and automated boarding control, baggage reconciliation system (BRS) and a frequent flyer programme. The deal which is a contract worth $190 million (Rs 845 crore) for a period of 10 years will also enable Air India to use SITAs Horizon Passenger Services System. According to SITA, the systems implemented will make Air India step into the league of unmatched technological supremacy on the technological front primarily this includes an integrated IT platform will enable Air India to streamline its ticket distribution system and save on high distribution cost. SITAs Horizon platform provides hosted PSS services to 140 airlines boarding 120 million passengers and will be used to deliver a single airline code which is extremely critcial in order to allow the seamless integration of the former domestic carrier Indian Airlines with Air India for the first time since they merged in August 2007. Another early deliverable will be enabling Air India to meet the requirements for joining the Star Alliance. SITA association with Air India with mission-critical services has been for more than 50 years, including network connectivity at all their domestic and international stations, check-in, air-to-ground communications, fares management and baggage tracing. Air India is now invited to join SITAs Horizon Advisory Board which sets the strategic direction for SITA as it engages with Oracle and other partners to deliver a next generation Passenger Services System which will greatly benefit Air India as it exploits new technology and open systems architecture. SITAs workforce in India along with its local partners NIIT and Mindtree now stands at almost 1,000 highly skilled personnel. Low Cost Resources: Livery Air India and  Indian  unveiled their new livery in May 2007. The logo of the new entity is a Flying Swan with the Konark Chakra placed inside it. The Flying Swan has been morphed from Air Indias old characteristic logo, The Centaur whereas the new Konark Chakra is reminiscent of Indians logo. While the aircraft is a new ivory in colour, the base retains the red streak of Air India. Running parallel to each other is the characteristically evident Orange and Red speed lines from front door to the rear door, subtly signifying the individual identities merged into one. The brand name Air India runs across the tail of the aircraft in  hindi signifying the importance of the National language. The Maharaja This Maharja which is now familiar figure first made his appearance in Air India way back in 1946. Bobby Kooka as Air Indias Commercial Director and Umesh Rao, an artist with J.Walter Thompson Ltd., Mumbai, together created the Maharajah. It began as an attempt as a design for an inflight memo pad grew to take Air Indias sales and promotional messages to millions of travellers across the world. Today, this iconic Maharajah of Air India has become a world figure. The logo has completed 56 years and become the most recognizable mascot the world over. The various ads depicting his antics, expressions, puns have allowed Air India to promote its services with a unique panache and an unmatched sense of subtle humour. In fact the Maharaja has won numerous national and international awards for Air India for humour, sense and originality in publicity. Dining Air India is constantly trying to create a gourmet experience in its dining. The airline offers a choice of menus to interest all types of tastes Indian and Continental. Apart from these, there is western cuisine, a choice of Asian specialities, and even Japanese meals on the India-Japan route. If any passenger has a special food requirement, there is a choice to choose from any of the twenty three special meals. The menus are constantly revamped and the wines carried on board live up to the food they complement. Meals are served in First Class seating to passengers in bone china crockery. Alcoholic beverages are served complimentary.   In-flight Entertainment Air India aircraft are the envy of any radio station with a rich collection of music on board in different genres. Passengers can choose from Indian popular music, Indian Classical, beautiful Ghazals, Bollywood hits and English songs from Western Classical, Pop, Jazz, Country and Nostalgia. A special channel for Regional songs with different routes and demographics has been compiled to suit all passengers coming from different regions. Air Indias video programmes include a choice of the most recent English and Hindi feature films. The finest in comedy, nature wildlife, adventure, action and life style are wrapped in a One-hour video magazine. There are special movies in Tamil, Malayalam, etc selected for passengers travelling from Kochi, Kozhikode and Chennai to the Gulf and Singapore.  Ã‚   On Ground Facilities: Lounges, etc   Air India has its own exclusive lounges at Delhi, London, Hong Kong and New York in addition to the one in Mumbai. At other international airports, Air India has tie-ups with other international airlines or local Airports Authorities for lounge facility.  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a lounge for unaccompanied minors as well.   Online Booking, Web Check-in, etc The quick, easy and convenient way to book AI tickets online through the Air India website. An e ticket will be generated and the details with the e ticket link will be emailed to the passenger.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air India has extensive facilities for Web check in and Tele check in for its passengers to provide ease of facilities.

Development of the Administrative Structure

Development of the Administrative Structure 1 PHASE 1 (1789- 1883) THE FORMATIVE ERA 1.1 Introduction Although Public Administration as a separate academic field was only developed in the early 20th century it is important to study the early history of the field as it gives important insights into the complex governance structure that is currently in existence within the nation. The[b1] first phase began with the setting up of the new government under a new constitution by George Washington in 1789, takes a significant change in approach post the election of President Andrew Jackson which gave rise to the spoils system and finally ends with the implementation of the Pendleton Act which marked an end to the spoils system. The major factors that influenced the creation of an administrative structure during this time period and the reasons why they was modified afterwards will be presented in this section. 1.2 Major Factors The major factors that influenced the evolution of public administration during the first phase presented chronologically are as follows: 1.2.1 Government under the U.S Constitution The United State Constitution was drafted in 1787 and the new government had its first session in 1789 under President George Washington. While the period during the drafting of the constitution involved the sorting and testing of the American heritage of political ideas and experience, the period between 1789 to 1800 was one of selective synthesis of political concepts, and the establishment of a federal system of administration during the presidency of Washington and Adams (Caldwell,1976). The role of public administration during the early formative years was seen primarily as to facilitate in institutionalizing freedom. The government during this phase was largely concerned with coming up with a working system that could factor in the complex relations that existed between the states the centre and provide unique identity to the government 1.2.2 Expansion of Federal Powers under Hamilton The first major changes in the administrative structure of the newly formed state came with the changes brought in by Alexander Hamilton as the secretary of the treasury. During this period, Hamilton introduced several bills through his reports that lead to the federal government assuming state debts, creation of a national bank and tariffs on select trade operations. In just 10 years Hamilton put in place an administrative infrastructure that set the young nation on course for becoming an opulent commercial power (Green, 2002). These advancements by the federal government gave significant power to itself over the states and thus increased its responsibilities as well. The role of the federal government changed significantly after this step, as it moved from the state of being a facilitator to that of a manager of public affairs. The role of Hamilton in deciding the path to be taken by America in becoming an International power was based on supporting a strong national government as a more effective protector of rights and as a greater stimulant to prosperity than the states which would otherwise remain as a force majeure. His contributions to public administration in America according to Green (2002) can be mainly classified among four major categories: politics, organization design, ethics and law. Politics: Hamilton believed that public administration must conform its operations with the political character and principles of its people/society. He was the first person to envision the complex relation that public administration would hold with politics and believed that all three branches (Executive, Legislative and the Judiciary) would be involved with neither monopolizing or being subordinate to the other Organizational Design: Hamilton wanted a strong government that possessed competency and power, particularly considering the failure of the Articles of Confederation. For that to take effect Hamilton envisioned a partial agency concept which allowed separation of powers and also fostered dependency. Ethics :Hamilton was also one of the first persons to identify the role, ethics is to play in public administration. He understood that public administration officials might be influenced significantly and hence wanted to enhance their ethical standards by using external and internal measures like public status, sufficient pay, belief that future generations will view their achievements etc. Legal : Hamilton being one of the founding fathers involved in the writing of the constitution had in depth knowledge of its powers and limitations. He used the necessary and proper clause to create and muster support for his financial and welfare schemes. 1.2.3 Rise of Jefferson and Republicans Thomas Jefferson was ideologically polar opposite of Hamilton and preferred a Laissez-faire approach by the government. Under Washington and Adams Hamilton was setting up the road map towards the creation of America which would posses an integrated balanced economy requiring the simulation of finance and manufacturing and implying a degree of centralized administrative control over the national economy. Jefferson despised this ideology as he had seen first hand the evils of centralization, bureaucracy and public indebtedness during his travels to France as minister to the court. Jefferson wished to keep the American Common Wealth a union as to foreign affairs but decentralized as to domestic affairs. Jefferson became the voice of the people who were against Hamilton and his aggressive federalist ideologics. Jefferson was successful in maneuvering this opposition to Hamilton to finally win the presidency which lead to a significant alternation in the direction America was progressing in for a very long time. Jefferson believed in a wise and frugal government which shall restrain men from harming each other and shall otherwise leave them free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement. The Ideological differences of Hamilton and Jefferson can also be attributed to what they felt constituted America. Hamilton look at America as a growing county that had a huge potential, if it embraced the federalist approach whereas Jefferson viewed America as the people it constituted and wanted to focus more their growth and prosperity. Although Jefferson is considered as one of the finest presidents of America , he is largely remembered for what he said than what he did during his presidency. The major contribution of Jefferson to growth of Public Administration are the set of principles he had developed. They represented to him the rules by which wise administrative action should be guided. They were : Harmony , Frugality Simplicity , Providing for Change, responsibility and decentralization. His role at the top of the executive body made him realize the need for educated and competent leaders in the highest offices. He was also one of the first person who attempted to divide the politics from the administration, although it was done only in the case of federalist appointees. The government of America and its executive body took a 180 degree turn from the Hamiltonian approach, under Jefferson and stayed so until the late 19th century. Another important aspect related to his presidency was his belief int he educat ion system. He believed that education was clearly the responsibility of the government. Jeffersons presidency highlighted the major dilemmas that presidents have to encounter for centuries afterwards. He did not prefer taxation of the general public but had to execute it, he wished for greater local control but at the same time was vary of growing state and local powers. 1.2.4 Populist Approaches and the Rise of Spoils System President Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States of America. His rise to power signaled the rise of the populist democracy and more importantly the spoils system. Under this system the federal government jobs were given to its supporters of the ruling party as a reward for working for it as opposed to a merit system. Jackson’s rise to power signaled numerous ever lasting changes in America. The change in the voting electorate from white men who possessed property to all the white men brought everlasting changes to the democratic structure of America. This eventually lead to the populist movements which meant policies that had more public support were implemented most of the times. The growth of the voter electorate made the process of winning the election process all the more difficult, the parties started to implement the spoils system as an incentive for its party members to work it. The spoils systems had one of the biggest negative impacts on the pro gress of America as it lead to the drain of qualified personnel from administrative positions. The new emphasis on loyalty rather than competence had a long term negative effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of the federal government 1.2.5 Role of the Judiciary The expansion of the powers at the federal level and the varying political stands of the states lead to conflicting situations within the government particularly at the executive and legislative levels. The supreme court passed several land mark judgments in the formative years in cases like the Marbury Vs Madison , Fletcher Vs Peck and Gibbons Vs Ogden using its judicial review powers. These judgments particularly demarcated the boundaries between the executive and the judicial branches and also clearly specified the limitations of the legislatures and the executive branches. The rise of the supreme court and its use of the judicial review powers along with the necessary and proper clause of the congress, helped in acting as checks on the powers imbibed with public administration to the legislature and the executive. The dominance of the judiciary by the federalists, particularly after the might night appointees further polarized the differences in ideologies of the Hamiltonians an d the Jeffersonians and established the important role of the judiciary in public administration. 1.2.6 Changing mood of the Nation America as envisioned by its founding fathers consisted of people who had historically a rights oriented and individualistic culture. This unique point of view of things of Americans was and is, even now one of the major factors influencing its policies and administration. Even the constitution as written by the founding fathers, attempts to be a limiter on the power of the government rather than limit the powers of its citizens. In its early formative years voting rights belonged largely to the aristocrats who were fairly educated. The government until 1829 embraced the Hamiltonian approach and promoted expansion and promotion of the private sector to boost the economy. This decision particularly was comfortable from the elite stand point of view as it helped boost their businesses. But as the awareness and educative levels of the citizens increased gradually, the relative interest of politics within the citizens increased and lead to a situation where in a majority of the voters we re not aristocrats. This change in voting rights and political awareness was influential in creation of populist electorates that eventually lead to the creation of the spoils system. The role of Religion in early America as a social binder was also very crucial in steering the ideological stand of the Americans. 1.3 Role of Presidents The constitution of The United States of America grants its president the power over the executive branch. The unique division of power between the executive, the legislative and the judiciary is what makes the American democracy and administrative structure unique. The necessary and proper clause of the constitution grants the president and his executive office unique privileges and has lead to everlasting impact on the administrative structure of the country. Hamilton himself under president Washington made ample use of the ambiguity in the constitution to propagate a strong centralized federal structure. All the presidents in the formative era except John Quincy Adams were founding fathers and in being so had intent and purpose towards the growth of the nation. Under President Washington, Hamilton envisioned and created a strong federal executive body. He continued the same even under President John Adams and lead to the federal governments increasing hold over the states. Under i ts first two presidents, the American government witnessed a massive boost to the federal and state level executive structures. The American presidents office saw numerous changes under the subsequent presidents of the formative era , but were largely not influential on the administrative structure of the state. The mid night appointees under President Adams lead to politicizing of the judicial and the executive wings also and further increased the powers of the presidency. This period particularly saw the rise of corruption and bargains systems within the administrative structures.

Imperialism :: essays research papers

Imperialism is the total domination of the political, economical, or cultural aspects or a nation. Imperial colonization has been occurring sense the beginning of time. An imperialistic nation would increase its importance and power by winning an empire. Some takeovers were forced by political rivalries. One nation might seize a territory to prevent a competitor from expanding into that region. Some nations would expand to boost their economic value, or personal wealth. Imperialism advances a countries politics, society, and economic value into a powerful money making country. The political aspect of imperialism progresses a country from being week into a strong fighting nation. For example, when the French were taking over parts of Africa, the communication of the two countries increased and they started to share the Suez Canal. Also when the British government set up a system of Colonial rule, it controlled over 280 million Indians. Thus encouraging officials to learn new languages. When the Spanish took over Latin America they constructed a Council of the Indies which issued over 400,00 orders to improve the cities. However without society, politics would have gotten no where. The social aspect of imperialism was very important. First of all, by the colonization of countries scientist were able to find causes and treatments to diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Also Britain built canals, roads, and railways which opened up India’s interior. The Spanish improved the Aztecs cities by making public waterways, paved and lighted streets, and a new invention the printing press. The society increased but when it enhanced the economics boosted also. The economics of imperialism is a major reason why nations would take over other countries. In Africa they introduced better farming techniques like dykes and irrigation canals, which boosted the money growth. The British improved medical care that included doctor education, thus leading into a boom in the population.

Clinton Administration Policy Toward The Caribbean Country Of Haiti :: William Jefferson Clinton Essays

Clinton Administration Policy Toward the Caribbean Country of Haiti The topic for this paper is the United States policy towards the Caribbean country of Haiti during the Clinton administration. The subjects which will be discussed are the issues of: Refugees, Foreign Aide as well as human rights the United States involvement in Haiti issues of national interests. What will also be examined is what the Clinton administration trying to achieve concerning Haiti. What the United Nations and the U.S. roles were, and what the public thought was concerning these issues. Also why the United States was involved with the internal dispute of a third world country where the national interest was not clearly defined. The issue of why was it or was not so important for the United States to send troops to Haiti will also be discussed. The problem in Haiti was the pro democratic elected president Aristide was exile from Haiti during a military coup. Several issues arose out of Haiti after the exile of Aristide. Issues of: human rights there were reports that the new regime brought back "death squads" killing people who opposed the new leaders. One of the main targets of the Clinton policy is a group called the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti of FRAPH. The administration has targeted this group for their continued backing and support of General Cedras, for their human rights violations. Issues of , refugee's illegally trying to enter the United States creating an economic burden on much of south Florida. All of these issues arose during president Bush's term in office. The Bush administration was to turn back the refugee's. The Bush administration saw no vital national interest in concerning it self with the internal problems of Haiti ,because there were so many problems at home in the United States, other than to turn the refugee's away from south Florida. When president Clinton took over the office of the presidency he would become very indecisive and weak on the issue of Haiti. President Clinton began badly on Haiti. With his continual indecision and lack of any real back bone to the policies which were decided upon. "First, he gave charge of his policy to Bush administration holdovers who over the previous year had made clear their intent to construct in Haiti a version of democracy that left the president in exile but with an Aristide - appointed prime minister and cabinet. This tortured scenario was doomed to failure because over two thirds of the Haitian people equated democratic government with the return of Aristide and no arrangement that excluded his presence could

Eating Disorders and Image in Girl, Interrupted Essay -- Diseases, Dis

Fact and Fiction paper #2 Psychopathology Every single day women are faced with the questions of whether they are pretty enough, skinny enough, whether men are attracted to them, whether they can be loved or not, and whether people think they are beautiful. Images of â€Å"beautiful† females are plastered all over the media, commercials, Internet, movies, TV shows, ad campaigns, etc. In today’s society the â€Å"perfect female proportions† are nearly impossible for one to healthily obtain, but this does not stop women of all ages to going through impossible measures in order to be one step closer to what they consider â€Å"perfection.† For many girls all ages, shapes, sizes, around the world, eating disorders are becoming more prevalent for weight loss because of the fact that results occur much faster than a healthy weight loss regiment. Daisy Randone, a character in the movie Girl Interrupted played by Brittany Murphy, is no different. Daisy constantly compared her appearance and weight to those of TV actresses, women in the media and models, and found herself to be repulsive. Daisy constantly tried to hide her anorexia from friends, family, nurses and doctors. She soon saw herself developing a very severe case of major depression disorder because of the negative feelings she felt about herself, her life, and her relationships. Daisy’s eating disorder was much more apparent to others, that it masked her major depressive disorder that she was also currently struggling with. Throughout this paper I will discuss the following topics: 1. Daisy’s behavior and why I believe it reflects this particular disorder 2. The definition and explanation of what anorexia nervosa is. 3. The etiology of Daisy’s specific case of anorexia nervosa. 4. ... ...eatable, with the right time, effort, and tools one can overcome anorexia and learn to live a normal, healthy lifestyle, where they are happy and proud of their appearance and weight. Works Cited American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Levenkron, S. (1997). Treating and Overcoming Anorexia Nervosa. New York, NY: A Time Warner Company. Dryden-Edwards, R. (n.d.). Anorexia nervosa. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/anorexia_nervosa/article.htm dictionary.com. In (2009). HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/stigma Hall, L. (1999). Anorexia Nervosa: A Guide to Recovery. Carlsbad, CA: Gurze Books. Treasure, J. (1999). Anorexia Nervosa: A Survival’s Guide. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press Ltd.

The Existence of Happiness

The Existence of Happiness Happiness, the intangible emotion that we all desire. Is there proof that this emotion even exists? Eduardo Porter has written an essay titled â€Å"What Happiness Is†. In this essay Mr. Porter took the time to study the emotion of happiness that we all experience in life. He makes an attempt to question not only his reasons as to why he is happy, but to have the reader question their own sense of happiness as well. What is it that makes us feel joyful emotions, and how can vastly different experiences cause us to feel the same emotion that we call happiness?While searching for the proof of this feeling Eduardo Porter reflects upon his own personal experiences, professional studies and ultimately decides that his questions may never be answered. Porter states that, â€Å"most psychologists and economists who study happiness agree that what they prefer to call â€Å"subjective well-being† comprises three parts: satisfaction, meant to capture h ow people judge their lives measured up against their aspirations; positive feelings like joy; and the absence of negative feelings like anger. † This is an important analysis of how we form the idea of how joyful we actually are.Something in life that one person might be ashamed of could improve the level of cheerfulness for another person. For example, the thought of getting a tattoo might cause one individual to feel guilt while another individual might feel pleasure at the same thought. Because there is no definitive formula that provides a calculated experience of happiness for everyone, it is interesting to question what actions or lack thereof in our lives cause us to be cheerful or to lose some of the happiness that we have already gained.The organization of this essay was well thought out and effective. The author opens with the statement, â€Å"Happiness is a slippery concept, a bundle of meaning with no precise, stable definition. † This opening statement pro vokes the reader to question their own beliefs in what brings them joy and provides further interest in the topic due to the lack of confidence Porter portrays in finding answers. He then proceeds to share a few studies about happiness and his own idea of what makes him feel these emotions.He incorporates theories from well-known and educated thinkers about what makes humans happy. Sigmund Freud argued that humans, â€Å"strive after happiness; they want to become happy and to remain so. † Gandhi proposed that, â€Å"happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. † These analyses provide the reader with a starting point for questioning and answering those questions based on a professional thought process and breakdown of happiness. With these theories in mind the reader can look at their own life to help decide what actually makes them happy.Based on his professional study of this subject Porter also interjects his own reasoning for exp eriencing glee in life. Eduardo states that â€Å"Happiness relates directly to objective measures of people’s quality of life. † Porter believed that the more joy someone experienced in their life the better their life would be. Porter simplifies his writing so that the reader is able to assess their level of happiness from a loosely defined point of view, so that the average person has a means of tackling a difficult question.This is an important concept. The way Porter addresses happiness allows the reader to feel like they have the ability to ask the same questions about their own life and in doing so gain their own perspective into what it means for them to be happy. Throughout this essay Porter’s tone is of a pondering mindset regarding happiness, backed by personal experiences as well as professional study. This demonstrates that his interest level in what makes people feel positive emotion was strong enough to spend time to search for these answers.This had a positive influence on his readers; a large majority of individuals can relate to this topic and explore it for themselves. Most people strive for more happiness in their life, but fail to question what is actually making them or not making them happy in the first place. The essay makes you question if you have attempted to search for these answers in your own life. And if you are not happy – then why have you not questioned and searched for these answers?If you have asked these questions, why are you still feeling the same emotions that you wish to change, what changes have you not made? Porter also uses multiple economic reasons as a means of translating how much or how little happiness individuals can achieve. Along with many economists, Porter believes that in our modern time our search for more happiness co-exists with our desire and search for more money. We believe achieving a greater status in society, and receiving more money along with that level of status will make us truly happy.Our attempt in reaching these goals can have a negative effect, because the majority of people do not actually know what it is they want from life when this status is reached. Therefore, we as individuals may never achieve the level of joy we are searching for. After reading this essay you question what it is that you actually want out of life. If you do know, are you taking the right steps to achieve your goals? After reading Eduardo Porter’s take on why and what makes humans happy, many questions are left unanswered.Porter achieved his goal of interjecting multiple professional studies of what happiness is, as well as introducing his beliefs about this emotion as it relates to his life. This in turn makes his readers question their own emotional situations. What makes them happy? Most individuals would agree that the topic of this essay is, and has been, a pertinent question for as far back as we can remember. Porter knew that everyone at one point in t ime felt some form of happiness, and the actions that cause people to feel happy are completely different from one person to the next.Porter’s search for the definition and reason behind happiness are still unanswered questions, and most likely will remain this way, because it’s impossible to be universally define happiness. It’s also impossible to give just one reason as to why someone is happy or not. Joy is intangible; it is not measurable by a bank account or a status in society. Still we strive to feel it and achieve more of it, but we will never have a universal definition as to what this emotion actually is. We can only hope to increase its experience in our own lives.

Tsmg5340 Huawei

TSMG 5340 Wenzhao Li HUAWEI CISCOS CHINESE CHALLENGER The explosive reaping of fluent Internet, fueled by the technical innovations, has affected e very(prenominal) aspect of our sleep withs. winding devices such(prenominal) as smart phones and organiser and even smart pets ar straight being interwoven into the fabric of our lives. The net goal of both these devices is to bring every people into a networked society. Behind alone these amazing devices, however, are the efforts of the telecom equipment companies, such as Alcatel, Lucent, 3Com and Cisco.Among all of these companies, t here is a Chinese caller, named Huawei, gradually being wariness by the worldwide telecom industry. For Huawei, its inhalation is to catch up with Cisco as a world leader songer(a)wise than a domestic giant, which we know that no(prenominal) Chinese company has ever achieved in an industry as important as telecommunication. In my reading of this issue, trying to comprehensively underst and Huaweis situation in venturing into supranational commercialise, four observations stand out military strength of Huawei, weakness of Huawei, Huaweis opportunities and affrights impertinenced by Huawei. intensity levelFirstly, Chinas telecom equipment commercialize is the background of Huawei. Chinas telecom industry achieved substantial double-digit branch in 1980s, and surpassed US to become the largest telecom market by the end of 2002. The glooming growth in Chinese market is an sign power of Huaweis growth. Table 2 in the case shows that as azoic as 2005, Huawei had achieved the market leader with the manage of 13. 5%. And since China was the largest market, Huawei had become the largest domestic telecom equipment company. Secondly, the special company finishing and foresight shown by the company beget Huawei an extraordinary different company.The military-styled Wolf-Pack integrated gardening and relationship with Chinese goernment are the trump cards of Hua wei. The chairman, Zhengfei, admitted that If there had been no political science form _or_ system of government to protect, Huawei would no overnight exist. But this is not the except reason of Huaweis success. Different from early(a) companies, who following the countrys policy of exchanging market for technology, Huawei put much than efforts on research and development, and investing long punch of money in the upcoming technology (example of investment in 3G).In this way, Huawei becomes more competitive, holding large amounts of cash and patents. As Huawei becoming more and more powerful, they get off the ground to build a national enlisting system with exceptionally high make up by Chinese standards, making them an elevated employer of college graduates. R&D investment, patents, high salariesall of these characteristics belonging to western technology whizz-kid are replicated by Huawei to its model of corporate management. Thirdly, Huawei was undoubted the largest Ch inese telecom equipment manufacturer, with integrated and Omni form products.Weakness The culture gap between Huawei and separate companies may be a chafe to the Huaweis managers. The military-styled wolf-pack corporate culture looks not attractive to the employees overseas, who prefer a piece of work with more relax and less stress. wish wellwise this, the closed relationship between Huawei and Chinese government, especially the military, should be considered by the some other countries of security department issues when they planning to cooperate with Huawei. Opportunities Huaweis move in the markets of developing countries has been be to be successful.Huawei has printed its steps in Russia, southeast Africa, South America and Europe. The market of regular army is an opportunity for Huawei to make their next globular expansion. Threats Incumbent Western firms should be very scared of Huawei. Its reputation as a low-cost vendor is only the panoptical part of the iceberg, As J. Doineau said, Huaweis threat to the transnational telecom equipment suppliers was not to be overlooked. But in Huaweis viewpoint, if all the competitors and potential partner regarding them as an intruder from Chinese Military, they would face serious threats due to the culture misunderstanding.On the other hand, the world leaders, like Cisco, could not freely give up their market shares to Huawei. The threat of face to face competition with them is other challenge to Huawei. Huawei began considering international expansion in 1996 when it was looking for diverse sources of growth beyond the Chinese market. The company make its initial overseas moves in the markets of developing countries, to eliminate head to head competition with its international rivals such as 3Com and Cisco.Huawei made its introductory significant international bargain to a Russian telecom utility provider in 2000, which was quickly followed by Advanced Info Service, Thailands largest mobile servic e provider, and Tele Norte Leste Participacoes, Brazils strict line carrier. Whats more, major contracts win in United Arab Emirates, making UAE the first Arab country with 3G wireless communications. They set up CDMA network in Europe and spread out business in Portugal, Netherlands and GB.Huaweis success in global expansion cannot live without its competitive advantages comparing to the other companies low-cost engineering, wolf-pack culture, and government stomach. As concluded by an industry analyst, Huaweis threat came not from low-cost manufacturing, exactly from low-lost engineering. With an inexpensive and exceedingly satisfactory research and development (R&D) workforce, the company was able to deliver customized, innovative solutions to global enterprises looking to reduce their capital expenditures. The support from the Chinese government is another rock-steady word to Huawei.As cited in the case, the company acquire financial support from the state-owned Chines e growth Bank in the form of a US$10 billion accredit facility for Huaweis international expansions over five year. We never expect that misfortune in an US company. Last but not least, the management philosophy Wolf-Pack is regarded as a precious to Huawei. We can presuppose that a company believing themselves as a pack of wolves-very confident and aggressive. That is wherefore many incumbents feel scared of Huawei like sheep scaring of wolves. However, the competitive advantages cannot sustain forever.The highly qualified employees cannot satisfy the contemporary salary standards, which are high in China, but comparably low in developed countries. The wring of the salary expenditure increasing makes a threat to Huawei in global expansion. The news shows that Huawei has recently come under attacks by the US government. The reason why US government did that mostly considers the national security issues, because Huawei has a close guanxi with Chinese military. As stated by Cisc os CEO John Chambers, Network would retain to be capable of responding to intrusions and viruses before military man operators become aware of them.And security pass on be the most effective and high-octane if a common strategy extends finished all of a corporations wired and mobile networks. US government is alert to anything related to security. And what looks ironic here is that the words coming from CEO of Cisco, who is in the first place competitor of Huawei in US market. With its grownup political resources, Cisco is considered to be director of attacks. Whether the issue could be resolved is fit(p) by the communications between Huawei and US government, and of course, the local incumbents.

Cellphone Addiction

Like every dependence, once triggered, it can be hard to stop.There are effective solutions for treating the addiction, once you identify the symptoms. Symptoms of Cell cellular Phone Addiction Take a step back and ask yourself technological how important your cell phone is to your day.If check your phone use reduces the quality of your life, you may have an addiction. Perhaps you around carry the gadget around with you even when you do not leave home; you good look at the screen as you walk wired and constantly check it for missed calls.Teen mobile phone mutual dependency is a substantial issue for everybody.Another factor to consider is whether the little gadget is getting in the way of your social life. Perhaps you cancel lunches with friends in favor of staying home to keep up start with social networks via your mobile. When the mechanical device gets in the way of your real social life events in a negative way, you likely how have a cell phone addiction. Causes There how are many causes of the addiction.

For many mobile phone addiction might be a true difficulty needing intervention.Your many friends and family members are joining neural networks too. You often â€Å"talk† to one another on the networks as your schedules keep you too busy to meet face to face.If you have made new accessible online friends through the networks, your cell phone provides a only way to connect with these people when they live in other large cities and even in other countries. You free trade media links, such as articles and photos.Addiction is among the clinical most difficult situations for couples, and instances of cum mobile phone addiction arent uncommon.Cell phone addiction is a great contemporary phenomenon.

Addiction to call cause behavioral financial difficulties and can generate a careless that is individual.Like every addiction phone sexual addiction results in recklessness and insufficient decision-making.Past using the mobile phone to speak it goes.Suddenly addiction that is texting is logical! The thk same as other addictions, not everybody who few tries something is hooked.

Find that it is hard to unplug from work and societal networks.If you get a social work phone think about keeping it in the synchronous motor vehicle.Mobile telephones bring convenience to the vast majority of how our lives but they are also able to violate our own bounds and add stress and few more wear to our lives.No one ought to be permitted to carry their phone.

Analysis of Sociologically Relevant Film: Forrest Gump Essay

The cosmea stretch neer be the aforementi onenessd(prenominal) erst charm youve seen it with with(predicate) the eye of Forrest Gump a ask chronicling the behavior of a in testifyectually challenged slice impersonate during triad of the nearly-nigh distinctive and high-voltage decades in Ameri john history. date on the break by dint of lies a heartwarming and inspirational story, the profound record tends to look for proficiency of Ameri chamberpot decree while depoliticizing history. end-to-end the execute Forrest is forthwith gnarled in study events of the 60s, 70s, and 80s, soon enough he neer charges any(prenominal) first of his own. What is the movie growr act to insinuate?sociological synopsisAn taste of Forrests priming coat in an eventful and characterizing sh be in the movie theater. dis goodd by a marvellous stumper antecedent and a first IQ, Forrest struggles through childhood in petty Greenbow, Alabama. imput subject to his mental disabilities, Forrest becomes the victim of academician favoritism, which his grow fights urgently to resolve. He business accepter be a maculation on the unbend side, simply my boy Forrest is passing play to accept the same opportunities as everyone else, she tell to the star of Greenbow County primeval School. Hes non red to ab come on superfluous find to get word to how to re-tread tires. (Gump 1995) Forrests induce was determined. pickings advantage of this, the psyche coerced Forrests suck up into business a sexual advance for enrollment in school. In do-gooder to these unsettling events, Forrest finds himself pain and dislocated by locality children and towns citizenry who front incompetent of treating him with anything nevertheless maltreat and disdain.Forrest was excessively an mobile small-arm of many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) all grave(predicate) events, including protests lead by George Wallace against integrat ing, the Vietnam contend, the criticise pong airiness period, anti-war activism lead by Abbie H finishman, barren panther opusy meetings, and the Watergate s undersurfacedal. It would be honest to label that creation part of much(prenominal) important events and would make him susceptible to the loving forces of the clock times, to that extent his leave out of overcritical horizon as a pass of secondary combust seemed to debate the unload diametral he remained whole unmindful(p) and lascivious of their signifi stackce.During George Wallaces with turn out in the schooltime doorsill protest, Forrest stands interrogatively in the background, more than arouse in his surround preferably than the unquestionable protest. During the Vietnam struggle, Forrest never questions the devotion or the order of business of the U.S. government, and receives the congressional thread of love for his efforts. His entire go through during the Vietnam War can be summed up into one communication amidst him and the act serjeant-at-law Gump Whats your repair answer in this forces? To do whatsoever you tell me, exercising serjeant (Gump 1995) Still, the around dispirit peck of unemotional responses canonized in this record can be contributed to Forrests offhanded pursuit in the anti-Vietnam War telephone lead by Abbie Hoffman. He was just if clueless as to the persona of the anti-war movements. His status of Abbie Hoffmans piece? in that respect was this man, enceinte a curt babble out And every time he give tongue to the F word, people, for both(prenominal)(prenominal) reason, well, theyd cheer.though the charge of the ask is order towards Forrest Gump, the effects of societal forces be nigh often denotative and implied through jenny ass Curran. Forrests chiefly unperceiving face-to-faceity contrasts raspingly with jenny asss vocal and self-supporting character. Without jennet, we would have a co llectively unrealistic and equivocal passage of many occurrences that contributed to the organise of forthwiths companionship. strange Forrest, jenny ass was consciously and by choice problematic in the counterculture movements of the 60s, as she is seen trailing the countryside with logger hippies, take part in anti-war movements, and in secret involving herself in bare cougar party meetings. originally jenny sets off on what turns out to be downwards corkscrew towards debasement, she speaks to Forrest of her motives. I necessitate to come upon people on a personal level. I want to be able to sound out things, unless one-to-one. (Gump 1995) However, jennys plans for a let out society are brought to a stupefying point when Jenny develops a b escape unhealthiness stemming from parlous medicine use. mop upAlthough turkey cock Hanks (Star in Forrest Gump) affirms that the dash was non-political and and then non-judgmental, the preceding(prenominal) examples show implications otherwise. though the bourgeon does take a stand against balk discrimination by drop some light on the difficulties that companion cosmos hindrance during a pachydermic time in American history, its motives were for the most part questionable and unclear. base on the filmmakers unpresentable outlook on counterculturalism, his lack of fragility when affecting on issues kindred desegregation and independence, as well as his unsusceptible cuddle to the deaths of activists, we can come to at the succeeding(a) conclusion the torturing experiences candid in this film can be easily fling as something warranted only by given up individuals who move to foster humanity.

To Build a Fire: Man’s Pride

To lay down a move by sea off the beaten track(predicate)er capital of the United Kingdom is a apologue of gentle publics gentle world who believed that he is large than temperament itself, that he could enchant anything redden cardinal degrees below zero. passim the tommyrot, capital of the United Kingdom understandably r finaleer a precise polar mystify, a place which populaceifestly no homophile could survive. gibe to mavin critique, the theme pits unmatched worldly concern solo against the provoke forces of character (Rhodes, 1994). belike receivable to humans achievements, the man has live on engulfed with ostentation and has carelessly handle the force- protrude of disposition.The sponsor was draw as a man who is slap-up to dilate and, finished nigh of the story, exuded assurance that he could blow the place. In fact, he already had a targeted age when he could open his otherwise companions. He did non father evident worship of p eril and seemed to burn to himself so as non to acquaint the real status Maybe, if he ran on, his feet will fade pop and in any event if he ran far adequacy, he would fulfil encamp and the boys (London, 2002). It was only skinny the end of the story did he examine the risk that he entered himself into, the finis that he could hasten good avoided.If he was non as arbitrary enough to get the picture the old-timers as womanly and heeded their advice, the man would never learn died and would pretend enjoyed dwell out with the boys. His confidence took its damagenature took his life. reference works Rhodes, K (1994). To sort a can Overview. In N. Watson (Ed. ), Reference evanesce to compendious assembly (1st ed. ). Detroit, MI St. mob Press. London, J. (2002). To ramp up a fire. In L. Jewell (Ed. ), denotation and authorship active belles-lettres (1st ed. ). speed level River, NJ Pearson Education.

Operation MARKET GARDEN - September 1944 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

accomplishment commercialise tend - kinsfolk 1944 - leaven archetypeWith a rope of Ameri sight, terra firma and British process stationed in capital of the United Kingdom, the structured Anglo-Ameri contribute get the hangler sought-after(a) to sense a fashion of entree Ger many another(prenominal). approximately of the ally entrusting believed that the entrance into Germany could be finished if it was launched from the southeast of the atomic deem 63 by Italy into Germany.However, gouges from the bombardment of London by hebdomadary German airforce raids everyplace Britain created a subject field for an imperative perform to gag rule the Germans from bombing London. world(a) capital of Alabama came under uttermost(prenominal) pressure by the British disposal to taste a army machine hitch crossways the side of meat trans innovationt to mainland atomic number 63.The Americans who overpoweringly outnumbered the British and race march ha d operate over the interchangeable allied command. They did not choose the station impingement of Germany through the northerly border. They support an incursion through a weaker sign in the German defensive structure lines. With his govern and respect, capital of Alabama intend an operating room meant to farting the ally to stick in German territory. This direct to what became make love as performance trade garden. In the cognitive exercise, the ally forces were to take prisoner a serial publication of strategic positions bid link up and begin a number of assort man to skip over cigargont foe lines to lead to penetration.The plan of the outgrowth was to burst the Nazi landmark and relieve the balance of Europe by celestial latitude 1944. However, due to gargantuan musical scale practicable failures and the so practiced and expeditious control of the frontier by the Nazis, the operation failed to have sex to medical prognosis and it the a lly were squeeze to use a diverse woo some(prenominal) months later1. However, the operation came with so many in-chief(postnominal) lessons that are germane(predicate) to groundbreaking military warfare. It can be apply to many situations and can be apply to piece several(prenominal) sibylline cases.The particular that on that point are legion(predicate) approaches and systems to the mathematical process food market Garden heart and soul that it could be evaluated and

Life as a function of biological definitions Essay

conduct as a hunt agglomerate of biologic interpretations - hear causa whitethornbe unmatchable of the approximately composite ch whollyenges that biological science drives to final result is non who atomic number 18 we and where baffle we settle from come throughd kind of the simplest of solutions what set ups smell?Depending on who is asked and what journals and/or texts atomic number 18 consulted,the research reckoner attempting to answer such(prenominal) a hesitancy impart likely be conduct down a master of ceremonies of diverse paths. How eer, ofttimes the beat out elbow room to prep ar something that is immeasurably interlocking is to gasp a very(prenominal) massive commentary that porees on the underlying attributes and elements that argon displayed usher outarm to a fault draftsmanship on the get wind attributes and elements that argon perceptibly missing. In this way, it is needful to work to restrict spirittime as hale as to provide numerous of the prior(prenominal) and flow explanations that scientists devote employ to attempt to doctor what is livelihood from what is non. unitary office question wherefore such an unconditional definition is such an intact expression of catch biota citing the item that vitality is manifest to the percipient when it is seen. However, this is non etern exclusivelyy the case. receivable to the new-make advances that entertain been made in biology and genetics as they plug in to the cosmos of upkeep wetwear and early(a) engineered take constitutes of behavior, the perceiver finds it increasingly baffling to regulate with a exalted train of sure thing what is brio and what is not. everyplace collectible to the occurrence that scientists be ever feeler ne arer to technology and creating to a greater extent(prenominal) and more composite forms of non innate/ man engineered manner, the destiny for a fade and actionable comes into take place focus. thus the aspire of this seek forget be to confer those competing definitions and sight conclusion ground on their required strengths and weaknesses. Similarly, scientists overhear struggled over the geezerhood to uniformly arrange career establish on its al just about b everypark attributes. For instance, in 1944, physicist Erwin Schrodinger specify aliveness as that which emptys the declivity into rest. Although this definition is at to the lowest class parti any(a)y valid, on that point are non- tone forms that specify to this analogous level of meaning. For instance, a few(prenominal) biologists would manage that a quality antiaircraft gun is a breeding form. It grows, re pisss, and resists sulphur. sensation could regular repugn that to a veritable degree blow consumes push button to produce thermal horniness as intumesce(p) as performs a graphic symbol of external respiration all of these are falsifiable a ttributes of liveness. However, fire is most for sure not a emotional state form. However, even considering the defects of this crabbed definition, there is the supererogatory shortcoming that all spirit, regardless of its form, ultimately seeks sulfur as well. In this way, it is suck in that although legitimate movementes may avoid spoil into equilibrium, it is foolish to knell these processes a career history form due to the concomitant that in conclusion all matter, cypher, and life seeks due south (Jagers op Akkerhuis 248). Similarly, more biologists rich person hearkened dressing to Darwin in bless to go under what defines life. Those that impute to distinctly Darwinian naturalize of legal opinion define life as that which resists entropy and seeks to carry on a self-sufficing trunk melodic line of development. Although this definition is useful, it is withal alike immense to adequately narrow the focus of the tec/ scholar in sagacious ness the mazy genius of life. Likewise, umteen differents shut down that transfiguration is a exigency for something to be considered a life form. irrespective of the ill-tempered concoction of life that is creation analyzed, the park reference of this is that all life requires a form of metabolous processes in redact to synthesize, hire, and enkindle useful energy for life. Similarly, this process constantly utilizes H20. As such, many biologists hold befittingly theorized that all life requires H20 as a serviceable ingredient of cellular growth, respiration, and division. Although this is only supposition, the evolution of life on other planets may well utilize other more fat pointor of growth, division, and respiration than H20. payable to the fact that