Film Studies Essays Film or Book

Film Studies Essays Film or BookWhich is better the film or the loudness?The debate over the superiority of literature over film or vice versa seems to rear its head every time a major tour of literary work is adapted. Even unbridled success stories such as Peter Jacksons Lord of the Rings trilogy have dissident voices discontented with his changes and omissions. However changes and omissions are absolutely necessary when adapting hundreds of pages of prose into a couple of hours of film. This essay will look at how report is adapted and retold in two films Mrs D all(prenominal)oway (Marleen Gorris, 1997) and The colorize Purple. (Steven Spielberg, 1985)Mrs Dalloway is not a conventionally narrated novel. Over the course of a day it follows the eponymous wizard through her preparations to host a party and how the unexpected arrival of am old suitor makes her reminisce about her youth. At the same time we see how Mrs Dalloway and her associates lives intersect with that of a shell-shocked solider. What is produced is a type of mosaic narrative, which is indeed left for the reader to interpret and discern meaning.In the beginning of the film as she walks about capital of the United Kingdom on her way to collect the flowers for her party we are allowed to view moments of her youth in flashback. These flashbacks are generally triggered by something in the present. For example a meeting with Hugh reminds her of how Peter Walsh never to this day forgiven her for liking him. (Woolf, p 8) These are transitioned in and out of aurally, as she hears voices of people she knew in her head and the visual waits a beat before transitioning back as well. This replicates the mosaic narrative style of the book.There is however one major difference between the beginning of the book and the beginning of the film. The character of Septimus (Rupert Graves) is much more quickly realised as a major character within the film. In the book he is introduced as a car backfires an d he is shocked rigid by it although no immediate reason is given why. Over the course of the novel we learn more about his experiences at war and the lasting effect upon him. Mrs Dalloway and Septimus never meet in the novel, yet we are led to discern they are connected thematically through the mosaic narrative.The Film version of Mrs Dalloway opens with a abbreviated age of Septimus (Rupert Graves) in the trenches of world war one. The shot is thick with smoke and is filmed in slow motion to give the sense of a ambitiousness sequence although the title Italy 1918 suggests that this is a flashback. The camera slowly zooms into Septimus face singling him out as the protagonist of this sequence. We see his reaction to a friend being short-winded up by an explosion and as he sinks into despair the smoke fills the screen fading it to white and softening focus. This soft white backdrop so becomes the drapes in the bedroom of Mrs. Dalloway (Vanessa Redgrave). These two environments c ould not be more different however the transition is not jarring or unsettling we are taken from the aversion trenches into the gentile and elegant world of a Whitehall socialite with the spectacularest of ease. The transition leaves the viewer with the impression that the two peoples lives are somehow connected, but maybe is not as subtle and gently persuasive as the book.The Color Purple tells the story of a young black woman in the heavyset South. It is about the oppression and abuse she suffers in a racist sexist world and the bonds of friendship she finds with other women. The climactic emotional moment of the novel is the sequence ion which Celia tells her husband that she is leaving him and moving to Memphis. The dialogue form the scene in the film is taken almost word for word from the book. It is a moment of great personal liberty for Celia, and a moment of fantastic performance from the unusually restrained Whoopi Goldberg. She has been abused and sub-serviant all her life and she finally has enough sense of egotism worth to speak up load and powerfully. Youre a lowdown dog is whats wrong, I say. Its time to leave you and enter into the creation. (Walker, p180)First of all the scene is set in Mr.____s (Danny Glover) House as opposed to Harpos (Willard Pugh) in the book this is significant because it has been Celias prison for several old age a place where she has been continuously abused. This adds extra dramatic tension to the scene and focuses it on Celia. However this does to some extent detract from the arcs of the other characters such as Squeak (Rea Dawn Chong) and Sofia. (Oprah Winfrey) In the novel there are continuous references to Squeak being Harpos mistress and mother of his child. This is less prominent in the film and as such leaves Squeaks departure with much less dramatic weight. Also the film omits the visit of Eleanor Jane and reference to Sofias probation. In the novel Sofia is denied her emancipation by the legalities she is still embroiled with, the film instead reinstates Sofia as a dominant force at the dinner table.What is clear from this scene is that although as the stories protagonist Celias narrative arc has remained intact, omissions have had to have been made on behalf of other characters within the novel due to the narrative constraints of time.Film can strain to imitate the stylistic form of literature successfully as in the case of Mrs Dalloway or unsuccessfully as in the case of The Bonfire of the Vanities (De Palma, 1990) In certain cases such as The Godfather (Coppola 1972) and Jaws (Spielberg 1975) the film adaptation can surpass the source material. Although argument other which form is better may be stainless sound and fury direct comparison of the two different narrative forms can lead to a better understanding of narration itself.BibliographyBordwell and Thompson. (2001) Film cunning An Introduction, New York McGraw Hill.Kawin, B (1992) How Movies Work, London University of Cali fornia press.Thompson, K (1999) Storytelling in the New Hollywood Understanding classical Narrative Technique. London HarvardWalker, A (2004) The Color Prurple, London Pheonix.Woolf, V (1996) Mrs Dalloway, London Penguin popular classics.FilmographyBonfire of the Vanities (Dir Brian De Palma, 1990, US)Color Purple, The (Dir Steven Spielberg, 1985 US)Godfather, The (Dir Francis Ford Coppola, 1972, US)Jaws (Dir Steven Spielberg, 1975, US)Lord of the Rings The Two Towers, The (Dir Peter Jackson, 2002, US, New Zealand, Germany)Mrs. Dalloway (Dir Marleen Gorris, 1997, UK)

Your Life Chances And Opportunities

Your Life Chances And OpportunitiesThe likelihood of a child succeeding in flavor is still largely determined by their familys income and mixer position. The companionable circumstances that children argon born into sack still suck in major effects on upcoming outcomes and these must be identified in order to enhance Britains goal of equality for all. This essay will begin by introducing the debates which centre on this blossomic. It will then go on to examine four key domains which affect a Childs future day disembodied spirit chances family income, education, class status and family background and the carry on these contribute on future behavior chances and outcome before concluding on the topic.The concept of life chances was originally introduced by Max Weber who believed that factors such(prenominal) as low, scotchal position, status and power were interlinked and together presented the problem of poorer life chances in the future. In current literature life chance s signifies the opportunities which are available for the great unwashed to improve in that respect quality of life in the future for example entre to quality education. The importance of parents influences on there childs subsequent achievemnts and therefore there life chances is illustrated by Keane and Wolpin (1997) who fix that 90% of the variation in lifetime chances and welfare can be attributed to the inequality in skills at age 16, which suggests that a chuilds life chances is mostly related to the social circumstances and terminations of there parents from birth to the age of 16This could be directly considerably educated parents, all things cosmos equal, will probably provide a more intellectually stimulating home-life than those parents who left school early. Other influences will be indirect better-educated parents may sport eminenter than average incomes and hence be able to finance educational excursions, or in other ways to provide life enhancing experiences for their offspring. some of these additional opportunities will be cumulative, reinforcing other positive characteristics, while others may serve to compensate for some forms of disadvantage.Some people believe that it is strictly genes that affect our opportunities in life. Research focusing on the causal descent between genes and subsequent IQ, range from 0 to 80% this provides inconsistent results. Recent research, has suggested that genetic and environmental factors are non distinct determinants of intelligence and life chances. Instead it is the interaction between these two factors which gives rise to a childs intelligence aims. The role that nurture has to play in developing intelligence is clearly demonstrated from data published by Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children. The data suggested that the social circumstances of the family influenced future educational advancement. Those children brought up in families with low Socio-economic Statu s (SES) with attainment levels ranked as low, at 22 months, were also prone to have low attainment at age ten. On the other hand those children from a high SES background were as in all probability to show high attainment at age ten, even if their attainment was ranked low at 22 months. This data suggests that it is nurture and the social circumstances of the family which influences the future chances of these children and not their sign genetic abilities.Mayer notes that children who are born into low income parents also seem to have less success than those parents who have more money. Children from low income families also tend to wee lower on measurers of cognitive ability, more credibly to drop put of school, to have behavioural problems and essentially earn less in later life. This is drastically demonstrated in a 1970 British cohort survey showing that at age 26 young adults experience an earnings penalty of 9% if they were brought up in a household with an income below ha lf the average (after controlling for educational attainment) therefore this suggests that young people from poor backgrounds are disproportionately observed at the lower end of the earnings distribution when they are in work. Further research in the US by Isaac (2007) which focused on the intergenerational aspect of income focusing on families economic position and how this is influenced by that of there parents He found that of the children born to parents in the bottom fifth of the economic distribution, 42 percent remain in this section as adults with scarce 23 percent rising to the second fifth, meanwhile 32% of children born to parents at the top of the income distribution remain at the top, with only 23 percent moving downwards to the second fifth.From this research alone it is clear to see that a parents income is influencing there childrens future income opportunities. One possible reason for this difference is that of social class. The role of SES is well-documented in th e literature concerning life chances. Using the National Child Development Stufies and the British Cohort study, Carneiro et al (2007) and Blanden et al (2006) illustrated that there is clearly a strong relationship between a childs social and cognitive abilities and their parents SES.This has been demonstrated by Fienstein (2003) who found that those children who were originally brought up in low socio economic status background who scored poorly on cognitive tests at an early age were more probable to remain with low scores as they progressed through the life course, however those children from a higher socio economic status with lowe scores were much more likely to catch up. These results from the NCDS and the BCS do allow for informative feedback However in order to test the validity of these learnings it is very important that these relationships are tested throughout generations. This recent research has been carried out by Sylva et al (2007) who analysed data from a recent programme the Effective Pre-School and Primary Education (EPPE) programme which aimed to test childrens cognitive attainment (reading and mathematics) from that age of three to the end of Key Stage 2. This study illustrated that even in recent times the socio economic status of parents is till having Brobdingnagian influences on there childrens mathematics and reading skills from the age of three to then end of key stage 2.This data shows that there is a clear relationship between the SES of parents and the subsequent development and life outcome of there children. Families with a low socioeconomic status very often lack the required social, monetary and educational champions that typify families with high socioeconomic statuss. Those families from poor backgrounds are also likely to have inadequate access to resources within the community that promote and support childrens development and school readiness. Education plays a major role in helping children to acquire the skills r equired for acquiring jobs, at the same time as introducing specific virtues that stratify people from high SES to lower SES. It is one of the most influential factors in demolishing intergenerational characteristics and there are strong patterns between socio economic status and educational achievement The study by the Sutton trust report (2002) found that of the richest fifth of the population 44% of young people had a degree, compared with only 10% from the poorest fifth. Those from high income groups are still over four times as likely to graduate as those from low income groups. These inequalities in degree acquisition persist crosswise diverse income groups,The social economic status of a family can affect children in various one way in which it affects the future outcomes of children is that of social capital, this refers to the social connections and attendant norms and values, including aspirationsFamilies are a key foundation for social capital. Those nerve class familie s are likely to have greater access to social capital than working class families the social networks of the nitty-gritty class tend to be more diverse than those of the working class. In particular the middle class have more extensive weak ties with e.g. former colleagues, acquaintances and friends of friends. middle class parents can give their children access to these networks of weak ties and associated information and other support. middle class children have further opportunities to develop social networks at university and elsewhereStudents from low SES backgrounds who attend poorly funded schools do not accomplish as well as those from a high SES. Seyfried (1998) stated that low SES students tend to score up to 10% lower on the national assessment of educational programs than those students from high SES. This difference has been explained by Eamon (2005) as the low SES of these families prevents access to quality and essential resources which subsequently leads to stres s and conflicts within the home this inevitably affects a Childs ability to perform well in educational settings.The relationship between educational attainment and SES also holds for secondary school students. Bradley and Taylor (2004) analyse Youth Cohort Studies data and find that young people whose parents are in highly skilled (particularly professional) occupations are more likely to obtain good exam results than young people whose parents have lower skill levels.The role models and influences of the home are significant and Berliner (2005) attempts to point out that SES is a much larger problem than people like to think. competition that socio economic status is just one aspects of a tenacious list of integrated and intergenerational effects this can have on the family and the individual. The social circumstances at home are a huge predicator of later life chances.One key factor which is influencing achievements is the huge changes in family structure over recent years. inc rease numbers of children are being brought up in step families or in lone parent families. And althouh the key factor in developing to the outmatch potential is the family loving environment, this increase kin lone parents is increasing the likelihood of poverty in the future. (Cabinet Office) In the United Kingdom, there are 5.9 million exclusive parents as of 2005, with 3.1 million children At-home good parenting has a bigger effect on childrens achievement at primary level than differences in quality of schools, evident across all social classes and all ethnic groups. Evidence from Demo and Acock (1991) suggests that children from mother only families seem to experience various disadvantages such as higher truancy rates, lower levels of education and more delinquent activity. All of these factors are likely to effect them in the short term and more problematically in the long term effecting there life long chancesEmrish and Francesconi carried out a study into the affect of bingle parenthoods on future outcomes. Almost two in v of the young adults had spent a period of time in a single-parent family. These children tended to obtain poorer educational attainments especially young men.The study found that among men, the probability of children from single parent families is 18% compared to that of a 22% chance for those living in an in tact family. One of the most influential reasons for this was that single-parent-families tended to have fewer economic resources available. This difference wasnt as high for females and this identifies the differences which need to be considered.A further social circumstance of those who live in high SES backgrounds is that they are more likely to have parents who themselves went through to higher education. at that place exists considerable evidence for the inter-generational effects of parents education on children. Feinstein (1999) stratifies children based on their parents educational qualifications and assesses the ir progress over time. He uses the BCS and finds thatChildren whose parents both have at least A-levels are 14 percentage pointshigher in the distribution of test outcomes measured at the age of 22 monthsthan those whose parents have no qualifications, and seven percentagepoints higher than those whose parents are in the middle education group(who have some qualifications, but do not both have A-Levels or higher).Although it seems as though social circumstances of the family have a huge impact on the life course and life chances of an individual. It is important to understand that Individuals do have the freedom to act on their own choices and free will. It is true that people can make a decision to do something whatever way there societal circumstances have been guiding them.One very interesting concept is how some individuals react to the rigorousness that they face in social circumstances from birth. Resilience means the strategies that people use to cope with adversities, such as income poverty, violent conflict, class differences and education inequalities. There has been a range of research investigating whether these poor social circumstances that children are born into can be overcome in the future. Research into resilience has identified a range pof individual attributes and social contexts associated with high levels of resilience in children throughout there life course with various levels including individual level, level of relationships and community resources. Although there are social circumstances which can put children at high risk of certain life outcomes at birth it can be argues that with the correct relationships and support these can be overcome to intervene in the intergenerational concept. (Masten 1994 Masten, Best and Garmezy 1990). Some individuals appear to thrive despite sharing the characteristics and conditions of high risk inequalities(e.g., Anthony 1987 Rutter 1985 Werner and Smith 2001Bernard (2004) analysed research into thi s matter looking at both qualitative and quantitative research and found that children consistently manage to overcome the social adversities they are presented with in the family and go on to lead positive lives. Most research into this area suggests that on average 70 to 75% of children who seem at risk of intergenerational affects tackle these and go on to lead healthy and positive lives. (Bernard 2004). One study by Werner and Smith (1982) followed a group of 700 children born in Kauai (Hawaii) in 1995 using a longitudinal study. With data collected at six different ages, showed that despite having been challenged with a variety of high risk factors as they grow up they still went on to achieve positive outcomes in adulthood.From the research in this area it is important to understand that there are invariably individual differences in the way people go on to lead there life course, independent of the social circumstances to which they were born into. Therefore life chances are in part affected by the social circumstances to which you are born into and these circumstances are likely to present risk factors for future achievement however there is always a degree of choice and independence in overcoming the intergenerational affects.McCall, R.B., Owens, E. B. (1996 ). Resilient children Factors that protectagainst psychosocial stressors. Developments, 10, 4 (December 1996), 5-10. Universityof Pittsburgh Office of Child Development.J Ermisch and M Francesconi, Family Matters, Discussion Paper No. 1591, February 1997 single parenbthoss

Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing :: Energy

Advanced technology created the possibility to extract a innate(p) be adrift beneath the land which has never been possible before. Oil industries are once again booming deploying hydraulic fracturing method to access the natural gas lies beneath the earth, specifically the Marcellus brass which contains limestone beds that is black shale or black rock due to presence of iron pyrite and siderites. Marcellus shale formation lie under New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio and other separate of the US states according to Parks & Recreation Journal (Dolesh 57). Its vast richness of natural gas is no doubt that it will help the Statess energy demand but using hydraulic fracturing to bring that energy to the surface is disturbing the already troubled environment. Although my opponents claim that hydrocracking create jobs and reduce rock oil imports but it also poses environmental disaster that outweighs its profits which could be irreversible. environmental disaster su ch as pollution increase, water contamination and risk to the usual health in inevitable if gas companies are allowed to continue for drilling Americas soil. As energy demand is increasing throughout the world, America is not least, its demand for energy is increasing and energy supply dependability is at risk. The calls for cleaner energy is at its momentum with production of natural gas using hydrocracking method are deployed vast major cities across America. According to Analysis environment journal released on May 2011 has stated that new Environmental Protection Agency have found that greenhouse gas emissions from fracturing are almost 9,000 times higher than previously calculated this is no surprising because in that location are no federal regulation on hydraulic fracturing techniques (Nelson 24). Fracking products account 25% in oil industries which will increase in the near prox as we are turning to other sources of alternative energy. According to EPA on recent research into the complete life cycle of natural gas emissions raises questions close to its relative cleanliness which means as we see the increase of extracting natural gas as means of hydrocracking the pollution will drastically increase. The main component of natural gas is methane which leaks from fractured wells or is otherwise released during natural gas drilling, transportation and power-plant accord to CQ Researcher (McGlynn 1054). Its clear and not concise that emission of methane escape to the earths atmosphere will increase as drilling of hydraulic fracture increases which will create havoc to our already ailing environment. Our domain depends on the accessibility of clean water which our life depends on.

Adolf Hitler :: essays research papers fc

Adolf Hitlers Early YearsAdolf Hitlers childhood was different than most, solely alike at the same time. Here you will agree what went on in his family, what happened during decision making of secondary school, and what he did after school before he became the gentlemans gentleman everyone knows.Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889. Adolf lived with his family on a small farm remote of Linz, Austria. His mothers name was Klara. Hitler became very attached to her in his childhood. Alois was the name of his father. His father was in the Austrian Civil Service. Alois was used to giving orders so he demanded a lot of chores around the farm for the children. When Hitler was seven, the family moved off the farm to Lambach, Austria. To Hitler this meant fewer chores and to a greater extent time for play. There Hitler went to an old Catholic Benedictine Monastery School. He took part in boys choir and also did very well at this school. He thought very highly of the priest and considered to be one for a while. At age nine he was caught smoking a laughingstock by a priest. He was forgiven and not punished. His brother, Alois, Jr., described Hitler as quick to anger. He loved to play Cowboys and Indians when he was young. This gave way to battle re-enactments. Adolfs slim brother, Edmund, died at the age of 6 from the measles. This was the first time Hitler had to acquaint a real death instead of the fake ones he sees when he was playing. This seemed to shake him up badly. His little brother was buried in a burial site right outside of Hitlers room. He developed a dream to be an artist before he entered secondary school (1). There were twain different secondary schools, serious music and technological. Hitler wanted to enter the classical school to become an artist, but his father wanted him to follow in his footsteps and go to the technical school. He ended up going to the technical school and did not do so well. He was held back his first year. Hitler thought that if his father would see how poorly he was doing in technical school that his father would allow him to go to the classical school where he could fulfill his dream. This career choice brought legion(predicate) arguments between Adolf and his father because his father thought that the idea of becoming an artist was ridiculous.Adolf Hitler essays research papers fc Adolf Hitlers Early YearsAdolf Hitlers childhood was different than most, but alike at the same time. Here you will see what went on in his family, what happened during decision making of secondary school, and what he did after school before he became the man everyone knows.Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889. Adolf lived with his family on a small farm outside of Linz, Austria. His mothers name was Klara. Hitler became very attached to her in his childhood. Alois was the name of his father. His father was in the Austrian Civil Service. Alois was used to giving orders so he demanded a lot of chores around the far m for the children. When Hitler was seven, the family moved off the farm to Lambach, Austria. To Hitler this meant fewer chores and more time for play. There Hitler went to an old Catholic Benedictine Monastery School. He took part in boys choir and also did very well at this school. He thought very highly of the priest and considered to be one for a while. At age nine he was caught smoking a cigarette by a priest. He was forgiven and not punished. His brother, Alois, Jr., described Hitler as quick to anger. He loved to play Cowboys and Indians when he was young. This gave way to battle re-enactments. Adolfs little brother, Edmund, died at the age of 6 from the measles. This was the first time Hitler had to confront a real death instead of the fake ones he sees when he was playing. This seemed to shake him up badly. His little brother was buried in a cemetery right outside of Hitlers room. He developed a dream to be an artist before he entered secondary school (1). There were two di fferent secondary schools, classical and technical. Hitler wanted to enter the classical school to become an artist, but his father wanted him to follow in his footsteps and go to the technical school. He ended up going to the technical school and did not do so well. He was held back his first year. Hitler thought that if his father would see how poorly he was doing in technical school that his father would allow him to go to the classical school where he could fulfill his dream. This career choice brought many arguments between Adolf and his father because his father thought that the idea of becoming an artist was ridiculous.

The Civil Rights Movement Essay -- Black Civil Rights in America

The civil rights act comprised efforts of grassroots activists and national leaders to compass for African Americans the basic rights guaranteed to American citizens in the Constitution. The key players in succeeding with the civil rights movement were the soldiers returning from the war, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating perpetration (SNCC), and the anti-Vietnam War activists. During the civil rights movement, nearly every African American had experienced segregation at lunch stands. In a Journal by Melvin Small, she stated, full as with the segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama the African-American community, especially the segment of college students, had once again reached its saturation point of inequality (Small). To uphold the nonviolent confess issued by King, college students throughout the South nonviolent sat the lunch counters of various segregated variety stores (Pike). It was not an easy task because these students were confr onted with great difficulty. They endured tear gas, law of nature guns, arrests and jail sentences which were all in the name of justice (Pike). A lot of students were dismissed from school for their contri furtherion in the movement. Whole student bodies at some(prenominal) of the colleges marched out in protest, withstanding the intimidation of the police force. Again, Kings belief in the power of unity was exemplified. The movement gained national attention. With this, city officials tried to skylark its focus. They accused King for perjury. King faced at least ten years in prison. Although the attempt was unsuccessful and King was found not guilty, the movement did not falter. The sit-in movement, specifically nonviolent resistance, was a great success. Integration w... ...he black community. It was not easy for King and others to take the stand that they faced but without a doubt, worked together for the good of the country. Works CitedHall, Mitchell K. The Vietnam Era Anti war Movement. Organization of American Historians 18.5 (2004) 13-17. Print. Hohn, Maria, and Martin Klimke. A Breath of Freedom the Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany. modern York Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Oregon Oregon Volunteers, 2005. Print. Pike, Brett. DISCRIMINATION AGAINST AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS IN WORLD WAR II RACIAL POLICIES AND THE MARCH TO DESEGREGATION. Apr.-May 2011. Web. Shawki, Ahmed. Black electric discharge and Socialism. Chicago, IL Haymarket, 2006. Print. Smalll, Melvin. Journal of Peace Research. Sage Publications, Ltd. 24.2 (1987). Print.

Economics Today :: essays research papers

The Economics TodayThe unaffixeding bell shape on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange September 17, 2001 was a surround that no one was sure about. The Stock Exchange had not been open since the tragedies that occurred on September 11, and many were skeptical about how the market would fare on its first day of trading. We lost not only our stability of our kingdom the day the planes hit the World Trade Centers, but the stability of our economy as well.The Dow Jones closed at 8,920.70 and suffered the worst point loss since December of 1998. more other indexes dropped just as sharply after the opening bell and stayed shovel in until the market closed for the day. The losses could have been far worse had the national Reserve not cut short-term federal funds interest grade from 3.5% to 3%. It was the Federal Reserves eighth interest cut this stratum and the third to occur between scheduled meetings.Major banks, such as the European Central Bank and central banks in Canada and Switzerland also cut line interest rates in what was seen as a coordinated effort to bind the financial damage of the terrorist tragedies.However, despite government efforts, the market losses were suave great. Major financial companies lost ground as well. Bank of America Corp.s stock dropped by 5.72%. Citigroup lost 6.71%. Broader indexes losses were slightly lower. The Wilshire 5000 lost 513.31 points, or 5.08%, closing at 9,590.69.Hit hardest were the airlines. Analysts predict that the airline industry, already weakened by the slowing economy, could lose more than $10 billion in the fire of that weeks terrorists attacks. Delta Airlines plans to cut 80% of its flights. Continental Airlines officials verbalize in a statement they have seen a drastic drop in bookings in an already-declining economy. Since the FAA allowed flights to resume last Thursday, Continental has been running only about 50% of its flights, with an average of about half the seats full. Continental w as also said to have $800 million in cash on hand, but that it was burning done it at a rate of $30 million a day to stay in business. Many companies have told their employees to avoid airlines in light of the fresh tragedies, and without help from Congress or more people flying, Continental could go bankrupt by the end of October.Last Friday, the House of Representatives introduced a bill that would bring home the bacon $15 billion in direct aid, loans, and credit to the nations airlines.Economics Today essays research papers The Economics TodayThe opening bell on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange September 17, 2001 was a ring that no one was sure about. The Stock Exchange had not been open since the tragedies that occurred on September 11, and many were skeptical about how the market would fare on its first day of trading. We lost not only our stability of our nation the day the planes hit the World Trade Centers, but the stability of our economy as well.The Dow Jones closed at 8,920.70 and suffered the worst point loss since December of 1998. Many other indexes dropped just as sharply after the opening bell and stayed down until the market closed for the day. The losses could have been far worse had the Federal Reserve not cut short-term federal funds interest rates from 3.5% to 3%. It was the Federal Reserves eighth interest cut this year and the third to occur between scheduled meetings.Major banks, such as the European Central Bank and central banks in Canada and Switzerland also cut key interest rates in what was seen as a coordinated effort to restrict the financial damage of the terrorist tragedies.However, despite government efforts, the market losses were still great. Major financial companies lost ground as well. Bank of America Corp.s stock dropped by 5.72%. Citigroup lost 6.71%. Broader indexes losses were slightly lower. The Wilshire 5000 lost 513.31 points, or 5.08%, closing at 9,590.69.Hit hardest were the airlines. Analysts predi ct that the airline industry, already weakened by the slowing economy, could lose more than $10 billion in the wake of that weeks terrorists attacks. Delta Airlines plans to cut 80% of its flights. Continental Airlines officials said in a statement they have seen a drastic drop in bookings in an already-declining economy. Since the FAA allowed flights to resume last Thursday, Continental has been running only about 50% of its flights, with an average of about half the seats full. Continental was also said to have $800 million in cash on hand, but that it was burning through it at a rate of $30 million a day to stay in business. Many companies have told their employees to avoid airlines in light of the recent tragedies, and without help from Congress or more people flying, Continental could go bankrupt by the end of October.Last Friday, the House of Representatives introduced a bill that would provide $15 billion in direct aid, loans, and credit to the nations airlines.

McMurphy, Rebel with a Cause in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

McMurphy, Rebel with a Cause in One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest   Ken Keseys experiences in a rational institution urged him to tell the taradiddle of such a ward. We are told this story through the eyes of a huge red Indian who everyone believes to be indifferent(p) and dumb named Chief in his novel One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest. Chief is a patient in an Oregon psychiatric hospital on the ward of Mrs Ratched. she is the symbol of delegacy throughout the text. This ward forms the backdrop for the rest of the story. The men on the ward are resigned to their regime dictated by this tyrant who is referred to as the Big Nurse, until McMurphy arrives to crack it. He makes the men realise that it is possible to think for themselves, which results in a complete destruction of the system as it was. Randle P. McMurphy, a wrongly committed mental patient with a lust for life. The qualities that garner McMurphy respect and admiration from his fellow patients are also respon sible for his tragic downfall. These qualities include his temper, which leads to his being deemed disturbed, his stubbornness, which results in his receiving numerous painful disciplinary treatments, and finally his free spirit, which leads to his death. Despite McMurphy being a noble man, in the end, these characteristics hurt him more than they help him. He forms the basis to my vignette of rebellion.   The Narrator, Chief Bromden comments that it was not he who originally decided to adopt the act of being deaf and dumb but separates who treated him as if he were deaf and dumb, which illustrates that the way a person is depends upon the society around him. Indeed, Chief Bromdens father told him   If you dont watch it people will force you one way or the other into doing what they think you should do, or into just being mule-stubborn and doing the opposite just out of spite.   This is very much emphasised in the book Kesey strongly suggests that the res idents of the ward in his novel are there because they could not cope with the pressures put on them by society to conform, and that their madness is caused by others, rather than originating within the men themselves.